What is interpersonal communication?
The strategic social process of message transaction between 2 people to create and sustain shared meaning.
What are the 4 components of interpersonal communication?
- Strategy (efforts)
- Process (always changing activity)
- Message Exchange (verbal and nonverbal message being sent simultaneously between people)
- Meaning (what people intend in or extract from a message)
What are the 7 principles of interpersonal communication?
- unavoidable
- symbolic
- rule-governed
- learned
- has both content and relational meaning
- can aid progress toward self-actualization
- involves ethical choices
What are the 5 myths about interpersonal communication?
- solves all problems
- always a good thing
- common sense
- always face to face
- always better
What are the 6 ingredients of interpersonal communication?
- source-receiver
- interpersonal competence (understanding)
- messages
- channel
- noise (interference)
- context (influences)
What is personal identity?
The traits and characteristics that distinguish you from other people.
What are three facets of personal identify?
- who you think you are
- who you want others to think you are
- who you think other believe you are
What is the definition of relationship?
A set of expectations that two people have for their behavior with respect to each other, based on the pattern of interaction between them.
What is a component of relationships?
Each persons behavior effects the others behavior.
What are the 6 things about ethical communicators?
- truthful and honest
- act with integrity
- act fairly
- demonstrate respect
- responsible
- empathetic
What are the 3 things needed to be competent communicators?
- know what to say (knowledge)
- know how to say and do it (skills)
- have a desire to apply our knowledge and skills (motivation)
What is emotional interdependence?
The ability to monitor your own and others emotions and to use this information to guide your communication.
What is stereotyping?
Applying a stereotype to a particle indicate and tracing that person as though they embody all the characteristics.
What is prejudice?
The emotional reaction to a stereotyped group or individual from that group.
What is discrimination?
Acting differently toward a stereotyped group or individual.
What are microaggressions?
Everyday insults, and demeaning messages sent to a member of a stereotyped group.
What are 6 ways to improve social cognition?
- question the accuracy of your perceptions
- seek more information to verify perceptions
- realize that your perceptions of a person may need to be updated
- monitor your messages for unintended effects
- monitor your emotions so you can control your responses
Chronemics (cultures differ - time orientation)
The study of how perception oof time differs between individuals and cultures.
Monochronic (cultures differ - time orientation)
Adhere to schedules, value punctuality, meet deadlines.
Polychronic (cultures differ - time orientation)
See appointment times and schedules as approximate and fluid.
Low-Context Culture (cultures differ - sharing meaning)
A culture in which message meanings are usually encoded in the verbal part of the message.
High-Context Culture (cultures differ - sharing meaning)
A culture in which much of the real meaning of a message is indirect.
Collectivist Culture (cultures differ - individual vs. group)
A culture that values community, collaboration, harmony, the public good, etc.
Individualistic Culture (cultures differ - individual vs. group)
A culture that values personal rights, responsibilities, privacy, etc.
Uncertainty Avoidance (culture differ - predictability/uncertainty)
The extent to which people in a culture look for ways to predict what is going to happen as a way of dealing with the anxiety caused by uncertain situations or relationships.
Low Uncertainty Avoidance (culture differ - predictability/uncertainty)
Tolerates uncertainty and is less driven to control unpredictability.
High Uncertainty-Avoidance Culture (culture differ -predictability/uncertainty)
Having a low tolerance for and high need to control unpredictability.
Power Distance (culture differ - social power distribution)
The extent to which members of a culture expect and accept that power will be unequally shared.
High Power Distance Culture (culture differ - social power distribution)
Both high and low power orders accept the unequal distribution of power.
Low Power Distance Culture (culture differ - social power distribution)
Members prefer power to be more equally distributed.
Masculine Culture (culture differ - masc. vs. fem. orientation)
Men and women are expected to adhere to traditional sex roles.
Feminine Culture (culture differ - masc. vs fem. orientation)
People regardless of sex can assume a verity of roles depending on the circumstances and their own choices.
Display Rules (culture differ - emotions)
Rules about when, why, and how different emotions are to be expressed.
What are the 6 barriers to effective intercultural communication?
- anxiety
- assumed similarity or difference
- ethnocentrism
- stereotyping
- incompatible communication codes
- incompatible norms and values
What are the 8 tips for communication with people with disability?
- talk directly to the person
- use appropriate language
- speak with respect
- note non-verbal signals
- ask questions
- make eye contact
- allow time to process
- use signals
What are the 5 characteristics of language?
- systematic
- dynamic
- dialectical
- sociolect
- idiolect
What are the 3 guidelines for improving sociolinguistic understanding?
- develop intercultural competence
- practice mindfulness
- recognize, respect, and adapt to the sociolinguistic practices of others
Kinesics (nonverbal communication)
Body language.
Vocalics (nonverbal communication)
Variation in the voice.
Proxemics (nonverbal communication)
Use of space.
Physical appearance (self-presentation)
How you look to others, including, gender, features, clothing, grooming, and body art.
Artifacts (self-presentation)
Objects we use to adorn our territory.
Olfactory Cues (self-presentation)
Intentional and unintentional scents and smells.
Use of Time (self-presentation)
Whether she intends to or not, an individual communicates to those with whom she interacts with her approach to and use of time.