three functions of blood
- transport
- regulation
- protection
transport
- oxygen to lungs
- waste from the cells, to organs for elimination from body
- ions, nutrients & hormones are transported in blood
regulation
- fluid and electrolyte balance
- acid & base balance
- body temperature
protection
- from infection
- clotting factors protect from excessive bleeding
blood is what kind of tissue
connective
ph of blood
7.35-7.45
three types of blood cells
- red
- white
- platelets
composition of blood
- plasma
- cells- AKA corpuscles
plasma protein consist of
albumin, clotting factors, antibodies and complements
the production of blood cells
hematopoiesis or hemopoiesis
plamsa contains:
proteins, ions, nutrients, gases and waste
Erythropoietin
hormone responsible for production of RBC'S
KIDENY
Senses the need for additional oxygen and secrets a hormone erythropoietin stimulating bone marrow productions of RBC'S
iron, vitamin b12, folic acid and protetin
essential for hemoglobin synthesis
deficiency in red blood cells creates___
anemia
neutrophils
- role in phagoctyosis
- puss is the accumulation of dead neutrophils, parts of cells and fluid
basophils
- play role in inflammatory response through release histamine
- releases heparin which is thought to reduce formation of cots in lungs and liver
eosinphils
involved in inflammatory response: secretes chemicals that destroy certain parasites and increased in person with allergeis
lyphocytes
produce in red bone marrow
role in immune system
monocytes
- role in phagocytosis; more efficient
- changed into macrophages that either wander or are fixed
platelets
aka thrombocytes
tiniest formed element of blood
prevent blood loss
hematocrit
- 45% is blood cells & 55% is plasma
- percentage of blood cells
process that stops the bleeding
hemostasis
hemostasis blood vessel spasm
when the injured the smooth muscle in the vessel wall contracts and constricts
clot retraction
after a clot forms, it begins to pull itself together becoming smaller
anticoagulants has two mechanisms
- endothelium- smooth muscle is shiny and smooth muscle is shiny and smooth which allows blood to flow along surface easily
- secretion of heparin by most cells which are concentrated around lungs and liver
anticoagulants are administered in an attempt to prevent the formation of a blood clot there are two types:
heparin and Coumadin
prothrombin
coagulation test performed to measure the time it takes for a firm fibrin clot to form
INR- international Normalized Ratio
comparing to people under the same conditions
APTT
Detects congenital deficiencies in clotting factors.
4 ABO types
A-B-AB-O
blood is classified according to the Rh factor, rh factor is
an antigen located on the surface of the RBC
agglutination
the antigen and antibody dump
a hollow muscular organ about the size of a closed fist
the heart
function of the heart
pumps blood through the blood vessels of the body, providing oxygen and nutrients to all cells
heart is made up of three layers
- endocardium
- myocardium
- epicardium
left ventricle
the hardest working chamber in the heart
main function of the right ventricle
pump blood to the lungs
the purpose of heart valves
keep the blood flowing in a forward direction
the largest artery in the body
Aorta
atrioventricular valves
located between the atria and ventricle on each side to the heart
right atrioventricular vavle
located between the right atria right ventricle
left atrioventricular vavle
bicuspid valve because it has 2 cusps
pulmonic valve
goes into the pulmonary and into the lungs
aortic valve
goes to the aorta
the first heart sound lubb
due to the closure of the AV valves at the beginning of the ventricular contraction
the second heart sound dubb
due to the closure of the semilunar valves at the beginning of ventricular relaxation
the blood flow in the coronary arteries is greatest during what?
ventricular relaxation
cardiac output
the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 minute
normal output
5 liters per minute
cardiac output (co) is determined by two factors
- heart rate and stroke volume
variation of heart rate
tachycardia- hr greater than 100
bradycardia- hr less than 60