Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking: Cardiovascular Flashcards

receives deoxygenated blood from the body

pumps blood to the lungs

receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

pumps oxygenated blood to the body

tricuspid and mitral valves

pulmonary and aortic valves

the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle

valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta

bring blood to the right atrium

place the stethoscope on the second right intercostal space at the upper right sternal border

place the stethoscope on the second left intercostal space at the upper left sternal border

place the stethoscope on the 3rd left intercostal space at the medial left sternal border

place the stethoscope on the 4th intercostal space at the left sternal border

place the stethoscope at the apex of the heart on the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line

occurs when the mitral and tricuspid valves close

happens with the closing of the aortic and pulmonic valves

low frequency vibration that occurs after s1 and s2 and seems to result from the change in blood flow in diastole when rapid filling ends and slow filling starts

heart sound resembles the pronunciation of the word Ken-TUCK-y where y represents it

low frequency sound that occurs in late diastolic filling due to atrial contraction; causes vibrations in the ventricular walls and happens just before s1 making it difficult to hear; can indicate an increased resistance to ventricular filling; sometimes can occur normally in people older than 40, especially after exercise

resting heart rate over 100 beats per minute; considered an arrhythmia; number of causes, some are not serious and do not cause health complications; more serious issues can arise if left untreated and chronic

resting heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute; considered an arrhythmia; can be normal or a sign of dysfunction of the heart's electrical system

disorder of the normal cardiac rhythm

not a heart sound, but a sound generated from inflammation of the pericardial sac as it rubs against the linings surrounding the heart; scratching, grating high frequency sound heard in both systole and diastole

an inflammatory disease of the pericardium, which causes the membranes to become sticky, producing friction when the heart beats or when the patient breathes; best heard with the diaphragm of the stethoscope at the left lower sternal border

produced by turbulent blood flow; normally heard during auscultation

non-cardiac related to pregnancy hyperthyroidism exercise and anemia; most often heard in children; normally heard with systole in the pulmonic precordial area

due to congenital or valvular defects, which can be identified by their timing and the auscultation region where they are heard

carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs

return oxygenated blood to the left atrium

carries oxygenated blood to the body

includes superior and inferior vena cava, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, and aorta

supply the heart muscle with oxygen rich blood

includes SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers

circulatory loop from heart to lungs to heart

circulatory loop from heart to body to heart

ventricles contract and blood is ejected

ventricles relax and chambers fill with blood

ensure unidirectional blood flow, preventing backflow

increased ventricular stretch = stronger contraction to a point

triggers coordinated contraction for efficient blood flow

primary purpose is to deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues; remove carbon dioxide and metabolic waste

carry deoxygenated blood back to the right side of the heart

responsible for exchange of gases and nutrients within tissues

carry oxygenated blood away from the left side of the heart

blood flow through the heart