front 1 right atrium | back 1 receives deoxygenated blood from the body |
front 2 right ventricle | back 2 pumps blood to the lungs |
front 3 left atrium | back 3 receives oxygenated blood from the lungs |
front 4 left ventricle | back 4 pumps oxygenated blood to the body |
front 5 atrioventricular vavles | back 5 tricuspid and mitral valves |
front 6 semilunar valves | back 6 pulmonary and aortic valves |
front 7 tricuspid valve | back 7 the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle |
front 8 mitral valve | back 8 valve between the left atrium and left ventricle |
front 9 pulmonary valve | back 9 valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery |
front 10 aortic valve | back 10 valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta |
front 11 superior and inferior vena cava | back 11 bring blood to the right atrium |
front 12 aortic auscultation | back 12 place the stethoscope on the second right intercostal space at the upper right sternal border |
front 13 pulmonic area auscultation | back 13 place the stethoscope on the second left intercostal space at the upper left sternal border |
front 14 Erb's point auscultation | back 14 place the stethoscope on the 3rd left intercostal space at the medial left sternal border |
front 15 tricuspid auscultation | back 15 place the stethoscope on the 4th intercostal space at the left sternal border |
front 16 mitral (apical) auscultation | back 16 place the stethoscope at the apex of the heart on the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line |
front 17 s1 (first heart sound) | back 17 occurs when the mitral and tricuspid valves close |
front 18 s2 (second heart sound) | back 18 happens with the closing of the aortic and pulmonic valves |
front 19 s3 ventricular gallop | back 19 low frequency vibration that occurs after s1 and s2 and seems to result from the change in blood flow in diastole when rapid filling ends and slow filling starts |
front 20 s3 | back 20 heart sound resembles the pronunciation of the word Ken-TUCK-y where y represents it |
front 21 s4 atrial gallop | back 21 low frequency sound that occurs in late diastolic filling due to atrial contraction; causes vibrations in the ventricular walls and happens just before s1 making it difficult to hear; can indicate an increased resistance to ventricular filling; sometimes can occur normally in people older than 40, especially after exercise |
front 22 tachycardia | back 22 resting heart rate over 100 beats per minute; considered an arrhythmia; number of causes, some are not serious and do not cause health complications; more serious issues can arise if left untreated and chronic |
front 23 bradycardia | back 23 resting heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute; considered an arrhythmia; can be normal or a sign of dysfunction of the heart's electrical system |
front 24 arrhythmia | back 24 disorder of the normal cardiac rhythm |
front 25 pericardial friction rub | back 25 not a heart sound, but a sound generated from inflammation of the pericardial sac as it rubs against the linings surrounding the heart; scratching, grating high frequency sound heard in both systole and diastole |
front 26 pericarditis | back 26 an inflammatory disease of the pericardium, which causes the membranes to become sticky, producing friction when the heart beats or when the patient breathes; best heard with the diaphragm of the stethoscope at the left lower sternal border |
front 27 murmers | back 27 produced by turbulent blood flow; normally heard during auscultation |
front 28 innocent murmurs | back 28 non-cardiac related to pregnancy hyperthyroidism exercise and anemia; most often heard in children; normally heard with systole in the pulmonic precordial area |
front 29 pathological murmurs | back 29 due to congenital or valvular defects, which can be identified by their timing and the auscultation region where they are heard |
front 30 pulmonary arteries | back 30 carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs |
front 31 pulmonary veins | back 31 return oxygenated blood to the left atrium |
front 32 aorta | back 32 carries oxygenated blood to the body |
front 33 vessels | back 33 includes superior and inferior vena cava, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, and aorta |
front 34 coronary arteries | back 34 supply the heart muscle with oxygen rich blood |
front 35 electrical conduction system | back 35 includes SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers |
front 36 pulmonary circulation | back 36 circulatory loop from heart to lungs to heart |
front 37 systemic circulation | back 37 circulatory loop from heart to body to heart |
front 38 systole | back 38 ventricles contract and blood is ejected |
front 39 diastole | back 39 ventricles relax and chambers fill with blood |
front 40 valves | back 40 ensure unidirectional blood flow, preventing backflow |
front 41 Starling's Law | back 41 increased ventricular stretch = stronger contraction to a point |
front 42 electrical conduction | back 42 triggers coordinated contraction for efficient blood flow |
front 43 circulatory system | back 43 primary purpose is to deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues; remove carbon dioxide and metabolic waste |
front 44 systemic veins | back 44 carry deoxygenated blood back to the right side of the heart |
front 45 capillaries | back 45 responsible for exchange of gases and nutrients within tissues |
front 46 systemic arteries | back 46 carry oxygenated blood away from the left side of the heart |
front 47 SVC -> RA -> tricuspid valve -> RV -> Pulmonic valve -> Pulmonary artery -> lungs -> Pulmonary veins -> LA -> mitral valve -> LV -> Aortic valve -> aorta -> Body | back 47 blood flow through the heart |