tissues
groups of cells that are similar to each other in structure and function
epithelial tissue
a tissue that covers and forms sheets one Side is always attached the other is unattached
simple epithelial
found where substance moves rapidly
three shapes
squamous (squashed) cuboidal (cube) and columur (columns)
simple epithelium
one layer thick
stratified epithelum
two or more layers (multiple)
simple squamous
the walls are very thin
simple cuboidal
functions in the transport and secretion of various substances
simple columor
things can still pass though but their strong so they don't get ripped apart
stratified epithelia
protective function for tissues exposed everyday wear and tear. / found in the mouth (esophagus and skin)
transitional epithelium
can stretch from one to another
glandular epithelia
function/ secretion.
EXOcrine glands
contain ducts
ENDOcrine glands
DO not have ducts
also called DUCTLESS
Connective tissue
connects on binds parts of the body together
the most abundant of the four types of tissue
found in blood, under the skin, in bone and around many organs
bone cells are called osteocytes
bone acts as a storage site for mineral salts especially calcium
neuron
nerve cells that transmit electrical signals
neuroglia
cells that support and take care of neurons
-they do not conduct electrical impulses
muscle tissue
compose of cells shortening and contracting
three types of muscle tissues
- skeletal (striated)- moves muscle and maintains posture
- smooth (non-striated)- found in the walls of viscera or organs
- cardiac- found only in the heart
intercelateddisks
promotes rapid conjuncts (so the heart beats completely at the same time)
two types of tissue repair
- regeneration- replacement of tissue
- fibrosis replacements- injured tissue
epidermis
outer layer of the skin is stratified squamous
dermis
the underlying layer is composed of fibrous connective tissue
serous membrane
lines the body cavities
parietal layer
lines the walls
visceral layer
covers the outside of a organ
pericardium membrane
a sling like support
pericardial cavity
space between the pericardial membranes
peritonitis
infection in the abdominal cavity, can be life threatening
epidermis is composed of what
stratified squamous epithelium
dermis
composed of dense, fibrous, connective tissue
two major glands
sebaceous glands- create sebum
sweat glands- produce sweat
eccrine
more numerous and widely distributed throughout the body
modified sweat glands
- ceruminous- found in the external auditory coral, secrete cerumen
- cerumen- yellow, sticky, wax- like secretion that repels insects and traps forge in materials
you lose what percentage of heat through your skin
80%
hypothalamus
thermostat of the body, located in the brain
partial thickenss
divided into first degree or second degree
first degree burn
red, painful, slightly edematous (swollen)
second degree burn
redness, pain, edema, blister formation
third degree burn
full thickness
RULE OF NINES
system used to measure the extent of burns
total body surface is divided into regions
eschar
dead, burned tissue that forms a thick, inflexible scab- like layer over the surface.
aside from the choking effects of eschar formation, which of the following is a major concern
infection
endocrine glands
secrete the chemical substances called hormones (ductless)
protein hormones
go to cells that have membrane receptors (outside of the cell)
steroid hormones
react with the inside of the cell and have to be absorbed
negative feedback
mechanism through which the endocrine glands maintain normal plasma levels of hormones
biorhythms
rhythmic alteration in a hormones rate of secretion
circadian rhythms
a 24 hour rhythm
chronopharmacology
the branch of pharmacology that addresses the effect of biorhythms on drug effects
master gland
the pituitary gland attached to the undersurface of the hypothalamus
(pea sized)
(TSH) Thyroid- stimulating hormone
stimulates the thyroid
(gh) growth hormone
determines a persons size and height
hypersecretion
over secretion of growth hormone
(prl) prolactin
promotes milk production in women
hyposecretion
dwarfism of growth hormone
(TSH) thyrotropin or thyroid stimulating hormones
stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete hormones
adrenocortcotropic
stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete steroids
thyroid gland
largest of the endocrine glands.
butterfly shaped, has to lobes connected by a tissue bond called the isthmus
follicular cells
located within the thyroid follicle
parafollicular cells
located between the follicles
t3 and t4
regulate all phases of metabolism
-synthesis of t3 and t4 requires iodine
-iodine in the body comes from dietary sources
goiter
enlarged thyroid gland
calcitonin
helps regulate calcium in the blood
the overall effect of parathyroid glands
to increase calcium levels
bradycardia
slow heart rate (below 60)
cortisol
CHEIF GLUCOCORTICOD
aldosterone
salt retaining hormone
INSULIN
the only hormone that lowers blood glucose
pineal gland
cone shaped gland, located close to the thalamus in the brain
-secretes a hormone called melatonin