BIO 211 A&P 2: The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels & Circulation Flashcards

The main components of blood from largest to smallest are:

What important homeostatic parameter is regulated by blood?

Refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment.

RBCs make up ______ % of blood's formed elements

Blood's General Characteristics

Blood volume ( liters) represents ___% of body weight ( kg)

Adult Female - Blood volume

Adult Male - Blood volume

Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A sera but NOT with the anti-B or anti-D sera. This means

If your friend asked you to explain the composition of blood plasma, which of the following would you most likely say?

Although plasma is ________ water, it also transports ______ and ________.

Platelets stop blood loss by:

Blood does all of the following except

All of the following are types of WBCs except:

What is the main function of red blood cells?

Where are RBCs produced?

The functions of RBCs are

Which of the following accurately compares the blood travelling from the lungs and the blood travelling to the lungs?

In tissue, oxygen diffuses from RBC, where oxygen concentration is ____ across the capillary walls into tissue cells, where oxygen concentrations are ____.

The reverse is true for ____, which diffuses into the bloodstream from the tissues

What is the heaviest component of blood?

As blood travels through the ____, carbon dioxide is released from the body and oxygen is picked up by red blood cells

Carbon dioxide is carried inside _______ and dissolved in _________

The waste product bilirubin is produced from

What organ filters waste products from blood?

List the waste products that are filtered from the blood by the urinary system

List four more components other than blood gases, waste, nutrients, and formed elements that are transported by blood

Two things that are carried by plasma proteins

RBC make up _______ % of the total blood volume

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is

Which of the following is the largest component of blood?

Which of the following is a function of the blood?

Blood is a(n) _______ tissue.

If you instruction asked you to list the components of blood, from highest percentage of blood volume to lowest, which of the following would you most likely say?

The hepatic portal vein collects blood from the vessels that drain all of the following organs except

If you were giving an oral presentation on the functions of blood, you would likely include all of the following points except

Which of the following statements about blood is false?

List the components of blood

What percentage of blood is composed of plasma?

Formed elements make up what percentage of blood.

WBC make up ___ % of total blood volume

Platelets make up ______ % of blood volume

A person who has a low blood volume is said to be

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

Albumins transport substances such as

The most abundant component of plasma is

Which of the following accurately explains plasma protein production?

Which organ produces plasma proteins?

Which of the following accurately compares the functions of red blood cells and white blood cells?

Which of the following statements accurately compares two types of white blood cells?

Red blood cells contain gas-transporting molecules called

If your friend asked you to explain the distinguishing characteristics of leukocytes and erythrocytes, your explanation would likely include all of the following except

WBCs disorder that has abnormally low WBC count

WBCs disorder that has abnormally high WBC count

Hormone type substances that are associated with individual type of WBCs and drives production of WBCs

Hormones that regulate WB cell populations are called

All of the following are types of white blood cells except

Which of the following is a similarity among red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets?

CSF hormones that stimulate monocyte production

CSF hormones that stimulates granulocytes (basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils) production

CSF hormones that stimulates granulocytes and monocytes production

CSF hormones that accelerates granulocytes, monocytes, platelets, and RBCs production

WBCs disorder that has extremely high WBC count

_______ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced

An anemic person would expect from their blood sample

People with type AB blood are considered the “universal recipient” for transfusions because

Which of the following vitamins are needed for the formation of clotting factors?

The most numerous WBCs in peripheral circulation are the

During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of

Phagocytized pathogens or debris in tissues through cytotoxic enzymes and chemicals; also resemble a string of beads, and has large pale inclusions in its cytoplasm

All of the following are true of neutrophils, except that they are

The process of red blood cell production is called _______ and occurs only in _______ in adults.

Which hormone, produced in the kidneys and liver, stimulates red blood cell production?

The primary WBCs that increase in allergic individuals are ________. Higher number of this type in the blood is a common indicator of allergic conditions.

WBCs that release histamine and heparin at the site of an injury are ______ which controls allergic reactions and promote inflammation.

WBCs that have a nucleus that generally cannot be seen through blue-stained granules in its cytoplasm (shows as little clusters of dots)

Basophils release two important substances to combat large parasites and allergens.

Which of the following is true of basophils?

Which leukocytes are lymphocytes

The three main types of lymphocytes are:

___________ provides defense against specific pathogens or toxins like cancer cells or viruses

WBCs that are slightly larger than RBCs and have very little cytoplasm.

Enter the tissue to become macrophages where they engulf ( phagocytosis) pathogens or debris

___________ have a very large cell and have a kidney bean-shaped nucleus; abundant pale cytoplasm

Phagocytized antibody-labeled materials through cytotoxic enzymes; round cell and nucleus with two lobes and cytoplasm has large granules and stains bright red

WBCs responsible for reducing inflammation in allergic and parasitic situations

When a vessel tears, platelets adhere to the _________ _______ of the torn vessel. The platelets change shape and release the contents of their _______. After this transformation, platelets adhere to one another. Together with the RBC that become trapped with them, these platelets form a ___________ _____ that begins to reduce blood loss. The ____ ____ is the first stage in _____ formation

Platelets also release chemicals that stimulate proteins in the blood, called ____ ____. These blood proteins form ____ threads that stick to the platelets, forming a clot, or ____. RBC and platelets stick to the ____ mesh and the hole eventually becomes fully sealed, stopping the flow of blood from the damaged vessel

Where are the proteins of clotting system produced?

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called

When a blood vessel tears, ________ at the site adhere to the vessel’s wall to close the tear.

Plasma proteins consist of the following

Immature RBCs are called _______ where they eject their ________ , allowing the cells to carry more hemoglobin, the molecules that transport oxygen.

If your friend asked you to explain the composition of blood plasma, which of the following would you most likely say?

When they are mature, RBCs leave the marrow and enter the bloodstream via enlarged, leaky, specialized capillaries called ___________

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the

Platelet production is called ______________ which occurs in bone marrow.

Platelet functions include

Hormones or chemicals that control the rate of thrombopoiesis and stimulate positive feedback mechanism reaction.

__________ is the cessation of bleeding

Thrombocytes (platelets) primary function is

Platelet production or formation which occurs in bone marrow

Is the initial step of hemostasis where platelets stick to the subendothelial matrix or activated endothelial cells at a vascular injury site

Process where platelets, small blood cells, clump together to form a platelet plug or clot through fibrinogen to stop bleeding and close small breaks

Hemostasis phase where vascular spasm occurs after a cut that lasts 30 minutes

Vascular phase steps include

Hemostasis phase where endothelial plasma membranes become “sticky” to seal off blood flow

Hemostasis stage that involves platelet adhesion and aggregation (where platelet plug forms).

In the _________ phase, activated platelets release the clotting compounds like ADP, thromboxane A2 and serotonin (neurotransmitters), clotting factors, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and calcium ions

Factors that limit platelet plug growth are

Involves a cascade of actions leading to chain reactions of enzymes and proenzymes, three pathways’ forms, and circulating fibrinogen converts into insoluble fibrin.

In the _________ phase, circulating fibrinogen turns into insoluble fibrin to create a mesh that goes all out for repairs and throughout that last stage

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme

Another name for clotting factors is ________ and their main function is to convert fibrinogen into fibrin.

The process of fibrinolysis

Which of these descriptions best matches the term B lymphocytes?

Are a type of WBCs that play a crucial role in the immune system by producing antibodies against specific pathogens.

Which of these descriptions best matches the term T lymphocytes?

Targets viruses, fungi, cancer cells, and transplanted cells

B and T cells spend most of their time in the __________

Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn

A person with Type A blood has

What is the term “formed elements” used to mean in a description of blood?

Main substances that are transported by blood

Blood components also protect the body from ________ and form ________ at sites of injury to prevent blood loss