fortissimo (ff)
very loud
forte (f)
loud
mezzo forte (mf)
medium loud
pianissimo (pp)
very quiet
piano (p)
quiet
mezzo piano (mp)
moderately quiet
crescendo (cresc.)
gradually getting louder
decrescendo ( decresc.)
gradually getting quieter
diminuendo (dim.)
gradually getting quieter
allegro
quick
allegretto
fairly quick
moderato
at a moderate speed
andante
at a medium speed
adagio
slow
accelerando (accel.)
gradually getting quicker
rallentando (rall.)
gradually getting slower
ritardando ( ritard. or rit.)
gradually getting slower
a tempo
in time (resume the original speed)
cantabile
in a singing style
da capo (D.C.)
repeat from the beginning
dolce
sweet
fine
the end (al fine = up to the end)
legato
smoothly
staccato (staccato.)
detached
crescendo
decrescendo or diminuendo
slur
Tie
staccato
fermata (pause on the note or rest)
metronome mark (here "120" tell us play at a tempo of 120 crotchet beats in a minute.
accent the note (play with emphasis)
repeat sign (repeat the section between the two signs. if the first sign is missing, repeat from the beginning.