front 1 fortissimo (ff) | back 1 very loud |
front 2 forte (f) | back 2 loud |
front 3 mezzo forte (mf) | back 3 medium loud |
front 4 pianissimo (pp) | back 4 very quiet |
front 5 piano (p) | back 5 quiet |
front 6 mezzo piano (mp) | back 6 moderately quiet |
front 7 crescendo (cresc.) | back 7 gradually getting louder |
front 8 decrescendo ( decresc.) | back 8 gradually getting quieter |
front 9 diminuendo (dim.) | back 9 gradually getting quieter |
front 10 allegro | back 10 quick |
front 11 allegretto | back 11 fairly quick |
front 12 moderato | back 12 at a moderate speed |
front 13 andante | back 13 at a medium speed |
front 14 adagio | back 14 slow |
front 15 accelerando (accel.) | back 15 gradually getting quicker |
front 16 rallentando (rall.) | back 16 gradually getting slower |
front 17 ritardando ( ritard. or rit.) | back 17 gradually getting slower |
front 18 a tempo | back 18 in time (resume the original speed) |
front 19 cantabile | back 19 in a singing style |
front 20 da capo (D.C.) | back 20 repeat from the beginning |
front 21 dolce | back 21 sweet |
front 22 fine | back 22 the end (al fine = up to the end) |
front 23 legato | back 23 smoothly |
front 24 staccato (staccato.) | back 24 detached |
front 25 ![]() | back 25 crescendo |
front 26 ![]() | back 26 decrescendo or diminuendo |
front 27 ![]() | back 27 slur |
front 28 ![]() | back 28 Tie |
front 29 ![]() | back 29 staccato |
front 30 ![]() | back 30 fermata (pause on the note or rest) |
front 31 ![]() | back 31 metronome mark (here "120" tell us play at a tempo of 120 crotchet beats in a minute. |
front 32 ![]() | back 32 accent the note (play with emphasis) |
front 33 ![]() | back 33 repeat sign (repeat the section between the two signs. if the first sign is missing, repeat from the beginning. |