fortissimo (ff)

very loud

forte (f)

loud

mezzo forte (mf)

medium loud

pianissimo (pp)

very quiet

piano (p)

quiet

mezzo piano (mp)

moderately quiet

crescendo (cresc.)

gradually getting louder

decrescendo ( decresc.)

gradually getting quieter

diminuendo (dim.)

gradually getting quieter

allegro

quick

allegretto

fairly quick

moderato

at a moderate speed

andante

at a medium speed

adagio

slow

accelerando (accel.)

gradually getting quicker

rallentando (rall.)

gradually getting slower

ritardando ( ritard. or rit.)

gradually getting slower

a tempo

in time (resume the original speed)

cantabile

in a singing style

da capo (D.C.)

repeat from the beginning

dolce

sweet

fine

the end (al fine = up to the end)

legato

smoothly

staccato (staccato.)

detached

crescendo

decrescendo or diminuendo

slur

Tie

staccato

fermata (pause on the note or rest)

metronome mark (here "120" tell us play at a tempo of 120 crotchet beats in a minute.

accent the note (play with emphasis)

repeat sign (repeat the section between the two signs. if the first sign is missing, repeat from the beginning.