Week 7 Pharm Flashcards


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1

Macrolydies

Azithromycin, Erythromycin

Indication: Bacterial Infection

MOA: Inhibits protein synthesis

SE: GI Upset, dysrhythmias, rash

2

What do you mean to teach to a pt taking Macrolides? (Azithromycin, Erythromycin)

Take on an empty stomach with a full glass of water.

3

Glycosamides

Clindamycin

Indication: Serious bacterial infections

MOA: inhibits protein synthesis

SE: GI upset, Diarrhea, C. Diff

4

What can clindamycin cause?

C. diff

NC: monitor pts bowel movements

5

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

Indication: Serious infection

SE: ototoxicity, vertigo, ataxia

6

What is BBW for Gentamicin?

Nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity

NC: Monitor hearing, kidney labs, peak/trough; give IM or IV

7

Tetracyclines

Doxycycline, Tetracycline

Indication: Lyme, STI, Rocky Mountain fever

CI: Pregnancy, children <8y/o

SE: Tooth discoloration, photosensitivity

Teaching: Wear sunscreen, alternative BC

8

What interacts with Tetracyclines?

Antacids, Ca, Fe, dairy can decrease the absorption

9

Vancomycin

Moa: Destroys bacterial cell wall

SE: Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, Red Man syndrome

NC: Monitor trough/peak, slow infusion

10

Penicillin

Penicillin, Amoxicillin

Ampicillin (IV, PO)

SE: GI upset, allergic reaction

NC: Monitor for allergy

11

When taking Penicillin what becomes ineffective?

Birth control

12

Zosyn

Have to give the medication over 4hrs, if you give the med fast it can affect the kidneys.

13

Cephalosporins

Cephalexin, Ceftriaxone

Serious Infections of Lower respiratory tract

CI: PCN Allergy

SE: GI upset, allergy

Teaching: No Alcohol

14

1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th Generation of Cephalosporin

3rd and 4th are more potent

- Meningitis, UTI, Sepsis

1st and 2nd -

- Cellulitis,

15

Carbapenems

Imipenem, Meropenem, Ertapenem

Used for mixed infections with anaerobes, staph and gram neg bacilli

16

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin

Indication: UTI's, Bone/Joint Infections, Resp Infection,

SE: Tendon rupture, Dysrhythmias

17

What does Ciprofloxin increase? How long do admin in IV?

Theophylline and warfarin levels

IV - Admin over 1hr

18

Sulfonamides

Bactrim (Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole)

MOA: Inhibits folic acid synthesis

SE: Steven-Johnson Syndrome

NC: Hydration, sunscreen

19

What does Sulfonamides (Bactrim) treat? AE?

Tx: UTI, Shigella infections of small bowel,

AE: Formulations of Crystals in Urine, N/V,

20

Nitrofurantoin

Macrobid

Indication: UTI's

SE: Gi upset, brown urine

Teaching: Take with food

21

Metronidazole

Flagyl

Indication: GI Pathogens

tx: Enterocolitis, H. Pylori,

SE: Metallic taste

NC: No alcohol, interacts with BC

22

What taste does Flagyl cause?

Metallic taste

23

TB Therapy

Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol

SE:

R: Orange secretion

I: Neuropathy, Hepatotoxicity

P: Joint pain

E: Vision changes

24

BBW for TB Therapy meds? Nursing care?

Hepatotoxicity

NC: No ETOH, Monitor Vision, BC Backup

25

Antifungal

Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Ganciclovir, Oseltamivir, Zanamivir

Herpes/Varicella: Acyclovir, Valacyclovir; CMV: Ganciclovir; Flu: Oseltamivir, Zanamivir

SE: GI upset, nephrotoxic, phlebitis, bone marrow suppression

26

NC for Antivirals?

Give flu meds within 48hrs, not a cure

27

HIV Therapy

Abacavir, Atazanavir

SE: anemia, lipodystrophy, increase lipids

NC: monitor CD4 (Increase good), Viral Load (Decrease good), BMI

28

Antineoplastics

Doxorubicin

Moa: Kills fast-replacing cells

SE: Red urine, cardiac toxicity, myelosuppression

NC: Monitor CBS, Cardiac function

29

Antineoplastics

Tamoxifen

Indication: Breast cancer

SE: Hot flashes, DVT, Uterine cancer

NC: monitor CBC, Ca, Report SOB, Leg pain

30

Tx for Anemia

oral iron supplements, Ferrous Sulfate, Ferrous Gluconate and Ferrous Fumarate

SE: GI upset, nausea, constipation, Dark stools

Can also do IV Iron, Iron Sucrose, Ferric Caboxymaltos, Iron dextran

SE: Allergic reaction, N/V, Low BP, Back pain

31

What supplements can you give for anemia?

Vit B12, Folic Acid

Folic Acid is important for Pregnant women

32

What are B cells?

Memory cells,

Can speed a future defense against a specific antigen

33

Aerobic

With 02

34

Anaerobic

Without O2

35

Nystatin (Mycostatin)

Primary use: Candida Infections

AE: Minor skin irritation, N/V, Diarrhea

36

Fluconazole (Difulcan)

Tx fungal infections in CNS, Bone, Urinary, Resp, tract

AE: N/V, Diarrhea, reported at high doses

37

Emtricitabine/Tenofovir (Truvada) for HIV prophylaxis

Lowers the HIV amount and increases the immune cells in the body of the pt.

Pre-exposure of prophylaxis

SE: Lactic acidosis, hepatomegaly