Glossary Terms From Course 2, Module 1 Flashcards

The smallest representation of data that a computer can understand

A protocol by which routers share data with each other

A type of Ethernet transmission, sent to every single device on a LAN

A special destination used by an Ethernet broadcast composed by all Fs

Groups of cables that are made with the same material. Most network cables used today can be split into two categories, copper and fiber

Insulated wires that connect different devices to each other allowing data to be transmitted over them

is used to determine when the communications channels are clear and when the device is free to transmit data

A device that receives data from a server

A network segment where only one device can communicate at a time

The full scope of how computers communicate with each other

These categories have different physical characteristics like the number of twists in the pair of copper wires. These are defined as names like category (or cat) 5, 5e, or 6, and how quickly data can be sent across them and how resistant they are to outside interference are all related to the way the twisted pairs inside are arranged

When an electrical pulse on one wire is accidentally detected on another wire

A mathematical transformation that uses polynomial division to create a number that represents a larger set of data. It is an important concept for data integrity and is used all over computing, not just network transmissions

An all-encompassing term that represents any single set of binary data being sent across a network link

The layer in which the first protocols are introduced. This layer is responsible for defining a common way of interpreting signals, so network devices can communicate

The hardware address of the intended recipient that immediately follows the start frame delimiter

A form of communication where information can flow in both directions across a cable

The protocol most widely used to send data across individual links

A highly structured collection of information presented in a specific order

It follows the Source MAC Address in a dataframe. It's 16 bits long and used to describe the protocol of the contents of the frame

Fiber optic cables contain individual optical fibers which are tiny tubes made of glass about the width of a human hair. Unlike copper, which uses electrical voltages, fiber cables use pulses of light to represent the ones and zeros of the underlying data

A model used to explain how network devices communicate. This model has five layers that stack on top of each other: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, and Application

It is a 4-byte or 32-bit number that represents a checksum value for the entire frame

The capacity of devices on either side of a networking link to communicate with each other at the exact same time

It means that, while communication is possible in each direction, only one device can be communicating at a time

A way to represent numbers using a numerical base of 16

It is a physical layer device that broadcasts data to every computer connected to it

The most common protocol used in the network layer

A company that provides a consumer an internet connection

A collection of networks connected together through routers - the most famous of these being the Internet

Modulation used for computer networks

A single network in which multiple devices are connected

A globally unique identifier attached to an individual network interface. It's a 48-bit number normally represented by six groupings of two hexadecimal numbers

A way of varying the voltage of a constant electrical charge moving across a standard copper network cable

If the least significant bit in the first octet of a destination address is set to one, it means you're dealing with a multicast frame. A multicast frame is similarly set to all devices on the local network signal, and it will be accepted or discarded by each device depending on criteria aside from their own hardware MAC address

It's the layer that allows different networks to communicate with each other through devices known as routers. It is responsible for getting data delivered across a collection of networks

The physical connector to be able to connect a device to the network. This may be attached directly to a device on a computer network, or could also be located on a wall or on a patch panel

It is a level 2 or data link device that can connect to many devices so they can communicate. It can inspect the contents of the Ethernet protocol data being sent around the network, determine which system the data is intended for and then only send that data to that one system

Any device connected to a network. On most networks, each node will typically act as a server or a client

Any number that can be represented by 8 bits

The first three octets of a MAC address

A model used to define how network devices communicate. This model has seven layers that stack on top of each other: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application

A device containing many physical network ports

The actual data being transported, which is everything that isn't a header

It represents the physical devices that interconnect computers

The first part of an Ethernet frame, it is 8 bytes or 64 bits long and can itself be split into two section

A defined set of standards that computers must follow in order to communicate properly is called a protocol

A device that knows how to forward data between independent networks

A device that provides data to another device that is requesting that data, also known as a client

A form of data communication that only goes in one direction across a cable

The hardware address of the device that sent the ethernet frame or data packet. In the data packet it follows the destination MAC address

The last byte in the preamble, that signals to a receiving device that the preamble is over and that the actual frame contents will now follow

The data transfer protocol most commonly used in the fourth layer. This protocol requires an established connection between the client and server

The network layer that sorts out which client and server programs are supposed to get the data

The most common type of cabling used for connecting computing devices. It features pairs of copper wires that are twisted together

A unicast transmission is always meant for just one receiving address

A transfer protocol that does not rely on connections. This protocol does not support the concept of an acknowledgement. With UDP, you just set a destination port and send the data packet

It is a technique that lets you have multiple logical LANs operating on the same physical equipment

A piece of data that indicates what the frame itself is. In a data packet it is followed by the EtherType