ENDOTHELIAL GLYCOCALYX LAYER FUNCTIONS
CONTROL MOVEMENT OF PROTEINS AND FLUID ACROSS THE BLOOD CAPILLARY WALL AND THERE IS NOT REABSORPTION BACK INTO THE VENUS SIDE OF THE BLOOD CAPILLARIES.
REABSORTION OCCURS ONLY THROUGH_________
LYMPHATIC CAPILLARIES
AREA OF LYMPHATIC FAILURE PRODUCE:
-AREAS OF INTERGUMENTARY VULNERABILITY SUBJECT TO INFECTION
-INFLAMMATION AND CARCINOGENESIS
-ESSENTIALLY SKIN BARRIER FAILURE
Who and When?
Introduced the model of capillary exchange base on hydrostatic and oncotic pressures in the blood capillaries was viewed as a semi-porous membrane through which fluid could freely move in and out. Dilatation of pre-capillary sphincters, increasing capillary hydrostatic fluid pressure, permitted fluid egress into the interstitium. Conversely, low capillary hydrostatic pressure, coupled with higher capillary oncotic pressure of blood proteins, was thought to pull fluid back into the venous end of the blood capillaries. This became the basis of training in wound and lymphedema certification programs as the mechanism of fluid homeostasis
Ernest Starling -1800
Who and When?
Introduced the concept of a protein-based lining of vessels that played a vital role in fluid filtration.
Danielle 1940
Who in 1966 succeeded in visualizing this layer through electron microscopy
Luft- 1966
The succeded in visualizing the EGL by Luft lead to furry in medical research which was summarized by___________ and __________.
Reistma 2007
Weinbaum 2007
Who and when
Mathematically demonstrated that there is not net reabsorption of fluid back into the venous side of the blood capillaries and that there is only diminishing net filtration across the capillary bed. Only in extreme situations can capillaries and venules resorb fluid.
( 2010)Levick and Michel
Who and When
Stated that an acute reduction of transendothelial pressure (pre-capillary vasoconstriction, post-capillary vasodilatation, hemorrhage or hypovolemia)will allow for transient venous absorption(autotransfusion up to 500 ml)to preserve blood volume.
Woodcocks
Echoed this statement when they stated disturbances in Starling pressures will create a transient response( venous reabsorption ) that is short-lived as Starling forces rapidly readjust to a state of filtration
Mortimer and Rockson (2014)
In ___________ the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists included continuing education training on the glycocalyx and its functions,
2013