periodontal probe
the working end of this instrument is basically a small calibrated stick for measuring periodontal pockets or other lesions
explorer probe
this is a combination instrument with an explorer probe (aka shepherd's hook) on one end and a periodontal probe on the other end
mouth gag
this spring loaded tool is used to hold the mouth open for dental procedures
scaler
this tool is used to remove calculus and plaque from the exposed (supragingival) tooth surface
root elevator
this tool loosens up the periodontal ligament and is generally used as the 1st step of the tooth extraction process
extractor
this tool is used to remove the tooth or the tooth fragments from the socket after the tooth has been loosened
curette
this tool has a smoother tip and is designed to scale the part of the tooth surface that is covered by the gingiva, the subgingival area