note for teas science part not finish Flashcards

smallest independently functioning unit of organism.( in animal cell contain cytoplasm).

functioning distinct structure composed of two or more types of tissue .

groups of organ that work together to carry outa particular function.

living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiological functions necessary for life .

group of similar or closely related cells that act together to perform a specific function.

refer to the back

refer to the front

refer to the side

mean further away from the body

refer to the middle line of body

refer to the upper part of the body include hands, arms, forearms, shoulders, chest, back, stomach, neck, and head.

refer to the bottom part of the body include

• Hip.
• Thigh.
• Knee.
• Leg.
• Ankle.
• Foot.

near the midpoint of another structure include head, neck, trunk, abdomen, and pelvis .

the upper or supperiod aspect of the body such as the skull.

binds the various parts of the body together, providing support and protection.

act as coverings, controlling the movement of materials across their surface

allows the body to move and nervous tissues functions in communication.

It is responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities.

work to prevent an excessive response to the stimulus

intensify the response until an end point is reached.

can received blood from A+, A-, O+, O-

can received blood from A-, O-

can received blood from B+,B-, O+, O-

can received blood from B-, O-

can received blood from all

can received blood from A-,B- O- AB-

can received blood from O+, O-

can received blood from O-

upper chamber of the heart

lower chamber of the heart

gIt prevents oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing.

The epicardium is the outer layer that contains blood vessels. The myocardium is the middle layer that is composed of contractile tissues. The endocardium is the innermost layer and composes the valves, inner lining of the chambers, and contains vessels and nerves.

• Tricuspid valve. Located between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
• Pulmonary valve. Located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
• Mitral valve. Located between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
• Aortic valve. Located between the left ventricle and the aorta.andthe

The upper respiratory tract (upper airway) consists of the nose, mouth, sinuses, pharynx (upper section of the throat), and larynx (voice box). The lower respiratory tract consists of the trachea (windpipe), bronchial tubes, and lungs.

humidify and warm the inspired air.

• Filtration.
• Digestion.
• Metabolism and Detoxification.
• Protein synthesis.
• Storage of vitamins and minerals.

cirrhosis and hepatitis

Produces substances (enzymes) that help with digestion. Endocrine function: Sends out hormones that control the amount of sugar in your bloodstream

store bile, a liquid produced by your liver that helps digest fat.

facilitated movement

• esophagus = peristalsis pushes the food down into your stomach.
• stomach = make stomach acid and enzymes that break down food. ( vomiting and ulcer)
• Small intestine = to break down food, absorb nutrients, extract water, and move food along the gastrointestinal tract
• large intestine= absorbing water and electrolytes, producing and absorbing vitamins, and forming and propelling feces toward the rectum for elimination
• IBS (irritable bowel syndrome) crohn's disease, colitis, and appendicitis.

• testes are to produce both sperm and androgens, primarily testosterone.
• vas deferens transports mature sperm to the urethra,
• epididymis It transports and stores sperm cells
• prostate function is to produce fluid secreted into the urethra during ejaculation.
• seminal vesicles produce a sugar-rich fluid (fructose) that provides sperm with a source of energy to help them move.
• scrotum protects your testicles and provides a sort of “climate-control system.”
• ejaculatory ducts move through your prostate, where they collect fluid to add to semen.
• produces a pre-ejaculate that cleanses and lubricates the urethra prior to the arrival of the semen.

• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). necessary to produce sperm (spermatogenesis).
• Luteinizing hormone (LH). is necessary to continue the process of spermatogenesis.
• Testosterone. Testosterone is the main sex hormone in people AMAB. It helps you develop certain characteristics, including muscle mass and strength, fat distribution, bone mass .

• vagina powerful passage that plays a role in sex, menstruation, pregnancy and childbirth.
• ovaries which produce ova or egg and they also secrete female sex hormones like progesterone and estrogen
• uterus receives a fertilized egg and protects the fetus (baby) while it grows and develops
• fallopian tube provide a passageway for oocytes to travel from the ovaries into the uterine cavity.
• cervix a passage that allows fluids to flow inside and out of your uterus. It's also a powerful gatekeeper that can open and close in ways that make pregnancy and childbirth possible.
• labia major protect the other external reproductive organs
• clitoris an erectile organ responsible for sexual sensations
• bladder Part of the urinary system that holds urine (pee)
• hymen covers the external opening of the vagina
• vestibule produce fluid to keep the area from getting dry.

• The follicular phase (the egg develops).
• The ovulatory phase (release of the egg).
• The luteal phase (hormone levels decrease if the egg doesn’t implant).
• (FSH and LH) also trigger an increase in the production of the hormone estrogen.
• The corpus luteum secretes the hormones estrogen and progesterone. Progesterone prepares your uterus for a fertilized egg to implant.

A Sperm and an Egg Form a Zygote

Becomes an Embryo: Development Prior to and During Implantation

In Eight Weeks, the Embryo Develops; By the End of Week 10 It Becomes a Fetus

the cells that will form the embryo become an embryonic disc. Other cells begin to form support structures. The yolk sac, on one side of the disc, will become part of the digestive tract.

the amnion fills with fluid and will surround the embryo as it develops. Other cell groups initiate the placenta and umbilical cord, which will bring in nutrients and eliminate waste.

• kidney Remove waste products and drugs from the body,Balance the body's fluids, Release hormones to regulate blood pressure, Control production of red blood cells
• ureter carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
• bladder relax and expand to store urine, and contract and flatten to empty urine through the urethra.
• urethra this tube allows urine to pass outside the body

the axial skeleton = including the skull, hyoid, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, sacrum, and coccyx.( definition of the axial skeleton protects and supports the internal organs and the body as a whole)

the appendicular = clavicle, scapula, humerus, os coxa, the hand bone, carpal bone, femur, the whole feet bone.( definition of appendicular skeleton are responsible for making movement of our bodies possible)

flat bone = made up of a layer of spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bone.

long bone = a bone that has a shaft and 2 ends and is longer than it is wide.

irregular bone = vary in shape and structure and therefore do not fit into any other category

sesamoid = a small bone commonly found embedded within a muscle or tendon near joint surfaces

short bone = shaped roughly as a cube and contain mostly spongy bone.

consisting of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. It permits movement of the body, maintains posture, and circulates blood throughout the body.

skeletal= body support, facilitation of movement, protection of internal organs, storage of minerals and fat, and blood cell formation.(voluntary)

smooth = it helps with digestion and nutrient collection, help rid the body of toxins and works in electrolyte balance. (thick and thin filaments involuntary )

cardiac = striated involuntary movement, responsible for the contractility of the heart and, therefore, the pumping action

immovable, partly movable, synovial,

immovable = Synarthroses are immovable joints.

partly movable= hinge, ball and socket, gliding joint.

synovial = t he six types of synovial joints are pivot, hinge, condyloid, saddle, plane, and ball-and socket-joints ([link]). The six types of synovial joints allow the body to move in a variety of ways ( abduction (away), adduction (towards), extension (open), flexion (close), and rotation)