bio 163 lecture test 2 Flashcards

Please order the layers of the integumentary system from superficial to deep

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for body heat regulation? Please be as specific as possible.

Which vitamin precursor is created when sunlight hits the skin and converts a modified cholesterol molecule?

Of the systems listed below, which of them relies most heavily on the integumentary system?

Please select all of the following that accurately describe the epidermis.

The epidermis is considered to be an important blood reservoir.

Primarily in the stratum spinosum, where the star-shaped cells form an almost continuous network. They can also be found in the dermis.

primarily in the stratum basale, where they make up 10-25% of the cells within that layer

You can find these disc-like sensory nerve endings near the epidermal junction

found within every layer of the epidermis

found within the dermis

Which areas of the body have five layers of skin

What kind of tissue is the epidermis composed of

What kind of tissue is the dermis composed of

what kinds of tissue is the hypodermis composed of

which layers of the skin lack blood supply

What are the 3 pigments of the color skin

Sebaceous glands, sometime referred to as oil glands, produce sebum and usually empty into a hair follicle. What is their function and where are they found in the body

Sudoriferous glands, known as sweat glands, produce sweat. what is sweat composed of and what is the function of the glands? Where are sweat glands found on the body?

In the axillary and anogenital regions there are specialized sweat glands called apocrine glands, Which are very different than regular sweat glands. what do they secrete? What is their function?

What type of muscle is the arrector pili muscle (skeletal & smooth) and what is its function

Melanin production is encouraged by which of the following factors?

The production of vitamin K within epithelial cells is integral to the functioning of the digestive system

which of the following glands is responsible for making sebum

Which of the following are found within cells of the stratum corneum

Which of the following areas is well-vascularized

which of the following are components of the integumentary system?

What do the synovial membranes, mucous membrnaes and serous membranes have in common

What is the immediate threat to life following a severe burn

When someone blushes, and hemoglobin in blood cells comes closer to the skin surface, what skin color change is visible

The knee and elbow joints are both examples of _____ joints

The ankle region is composed of _____ bones

in addition to providing an anchoring region for skeletal muscles, skeletons also have which of the following functions

The epiphyseal plate is the region responsible for interstitial bone growth within children

which of the following defines a compression fracture

tarsal and carpal bones are classified as _______ bones

The formation of blood cells is the primary function of which bone component

the condition known as osteoporosis affects which part of a bone

The ability of a skeletal muscle to contract with proper stimulation is called

The fastest way to produce ATP provided by_______ and requires the presence of _______

Which of the following components are necessary for the creation of high amounts of ATP by skeletal muscle

single, brief jerky muscle contraction are classified as _______

When you pick your textbook up off the desk, your biceps engaged in a(N) ________ contraction

Which of the following correctly describe muscle fatigue

long periods of strenuous exercise would cause the body to switch back and fourth between which type Atp production

The opposite of flexion is _______ and the opposite of supination is

The slowest way to produce ATP is provided by____ and requires the presence of _____

Conjunctivitis (pink eye) affects the sclera, which is found in which location

Structure associated with tear production (crying) can be referred to as "lacrimal"

The iris is an important structure that functions to ______

photoreceptor cells working in bright light provide sharp, colored images for our brain to interpret are

What is the proper path of sound to the inner ear

Hydrogen ions produce which taste sensation when they pass over the taste buds

The choroid is an important portion of the eye that functions to____

Another name for skin is ______ membrane

A _______ gland secretes its product via a duct

The layer of skin not exposed to air is the _______

_____ is the pigment that makes moles dark

What type of membrane provides lubrication to the pleural, pericardial and peritoneal cavities?

Which cavity would be lined with a mucous membrane

Subcutaneous fatty layer

contains sensory receptors, blood vessels, and nerves

protective outer layer

Deepest layer; site of rapid cell division and melanin production

live keratinocytes connected by desmosomes produce pre-keratin

cells flatten and fill with keratin, resulting in a grainy appearance

clear layer found only in thick skin; cells full of keratin

Thick superficial layer of flat, keratinized, dead cells; responsible for dandruff

papillary layer

reticular layer

Epidermis

Dermis

hypodermis

which of the following conditions is most likely to result in permanent hair loss

Which important metabolic compound is produced by skin cells

What is the function of epidermal dendritic cells

What type of tissue makes up the epidermis of the skin

What causes hair to stand up and the skin to dimple when one is cold or frightened

which glands play a role in thermoregulation

what type of burn damages the skin so severely that regeneration of the damaged tissue is not possible

How is the rule of nines used by clinician

under which of the following conditions would a decubitus ulcer form

what is the function of the keratin found within skin cells

what type of burn does a patient have if blisters are present and the affected area is painful

What pigment found in skin originates from outside the body

What type of membrane is composed of epithelium resting on the lamina propria, a loose connective tissue membrane?

What type of membrane lines the compartments of the ventral body cavity and produces a lubricant that allows organs to move against neighboring organs without friction?

Which structures are located in the epidermis?

What epidermal layer consists of multiple layers of living keratinocytes and scattered dendritic cells?

Which of the following statements best describes the skin?

The mallet-shaped protrusion on the inside of the ankle is the medial

A membrane that holds the elbow joint together is called a(n ____ membrane

The bones between the phalanges and tarsals are the

A joint that is slightly moveable is classified as a(n) ______ joint

A(n) _____ is a cell that breaks down bone matrix

What term refers to the end of a long bone?

Which of these is a function of the skeletal system

During soccer practice, Sadie tripped and tried to stop her fall with her outstretched arms. Her humerus broke and the broken ends were forced into each other. Sadie suffered a(n) __________ fracture.

Which of these allow nutrients to diffuse from the central canal to all the osteocytes within an osteon?

What step occurs first in the embryonic development of most bones?

Which of these bones is part of the axial skeleton?

What causes the pain associated with a herniated disc?

Hasan is a three-year-old boy who lives in Dhaka, Bangladesh. He is small for his age, has bowed legs, exhibits muscle weakness, and complains often of pain in his bones. Hasan most likely has

a mature bone cell trapped in bone matrix

a cell that stores calcium in bone by making new bone matrix.

a cell that releases calcium from bone, increasing blood calcium levels

parathyroid hormone (PTH) activates this type of cell.

Bones increase in diameter through the process of

Bones increase in length by the process of

A person with epiphyseal lines ____ growing taller

A person with epiphyseal plates ____ growing taller

Fibrocartillage callus

Bony callus

Which of these statements describes a function of fontanels?

What type of vertebrae have openings in their transverse processes that guide the vertebral arteries up toward the brain?

What bone does NOT articulate directly with any other bone?

What is the region of the coxal bone that bears most of the body weight when a person is sitting?

Which bones form the shoulder joint?

What type of joint is found between the atlas and the dens of the axis?

Julie fell off her horse and dislocated her right shoulder. The primary treatment to resolve this injury is

What is the distinguishing feature of a synovial joint?

bone breaks into 3 or more fragments

bone is crushed

broke bone portion is pressed inward

broken bone ends are forced into each other

ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone

bone breaks incompletely. much in the way a green twig breaks

The connective tissue covering around a fascicle is the

The part of a muscle fiber that contracts is called a/an

The structural and functional unit of skeletal muscle is called a/an

A type of muscle contraction that generates force, but does not shorten the muscle is called

The connective tissue covering on the outside of a whole muscle is the

What changes occur in the sarcomere during muscle contraction?

What initiates an action potential on a muscle cell?

What mineral is released within muscle cells to trigger contraction?

What term refers to a smooth, sustained contraction?

What is the function of creatine phosphate?

Which movement is associated with the hand but actually occurs in the forearm?

Which of these terms refers to the shape of a muscle?

Which of these muscles is named for the arrangement of its fascicles?

Which of these increases as muscles age

What can older individuals do to increase muscle strength?

There are three types of muscle tissue. Which of the following is classified as part of the muscular system?

What type of muscle tissue is both striated and involuntary?

Which of these characteristics applies only to cardiac muscle tissue?

Both heads of the biceps femoris muscle

The long head of the biceps femoris muscle originates on the

The biceps femoris is located in the

The buccinator muscle is innervated by the

At its insertion (unlike at its origin), the buccinator muscle

The buccinator muscle

The insertion of the extensor carpi radialis longus muscle is on

The tibialis anterior muscle dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle and also assists in __________ of the foot.

The trapezius muscle may be separated into all of the following groups, except __________.

All fibers of the trapezius muscle are innervated by the

All fibers of the triceps brachii are innervated by the

Striated involuntary muscle tissue is classified as ________ muscle

Striated involuntary muscle tissue found in the heart is

Which neurotransmitter is released by motor neurons at the neuromuscular junction?

Which chemical is produced during vigorous exercise when the supply of oxygen is limited or inadequate?

What happens to a muscle when the nerve supplying that muscle is cut?

Which of these events must occur first to trigger the skeletal muscle to generate an action potential and contract?

The ____nerve carries impulses caused by sounds from the ear to the brain.

As people age and lose the ability to see close objects, they develop a condition called

The sense of smell is also called

in the retina detect light to generate images.

A calcified 1Cstone 1D in the ear that participates in equilibrium is called a(n

What condition results from an abnormally high pressure inside the eye?

Which of the following structures refract light before it hits the retina?

Which of these is part of the sensory layer of the eye?

Which of these structures is part of the system that produces and drains tears?

What term refers to the ability to focus on close objects

Which reflex constricts pupils when we view close objects?

Which of the following is the auditory ossicle that attaches to the tympanic membrane?

How do organs of equilibrium help us maintain our balance?

What part of the inner ear contains receptors for dynamic equilibrium?

What is the function of the otoliths?

Which of these provides sensory input that helps keep the head erect?

Which of these are oriented in the three planes of space, allowing sensation of movement in any plane?

The "hairs" of the hair cells within the organ of Corti are embedded in which of the following?

Why is it harder to determine where a sound originates when one auditory canal is completely blocked with earwax?

Which of these can cause sensorineural deafness?

What is a possible cause of conduction deafness?

hearing

both hearing and equilibrium

The sense of equilibrium responds to movements of the head. It is divided into two types--static and dynamic equilibrium. Describe and give an example of these two types of equilibrium.

The bending of static equilibrium receptors is caused by tiny stones called

Static equilibrium receptors are located in the vestibular apparatus branch called

Dynamic equilibrium receptors are located in the vestibular apparatus branch called

Static equilibrium is detected by receptors within membranous sacs called

Dynamic equilibrium is detected by receptor regions called

The bending of dynamic equilibrium receptors is caused by the gelatinous cap called the cupula

as a result of this vibration, _____, is/are bent

Hearing receptors are embedded in the

Hearing receptors are called

sound waves cause the _____ to vibrate first

The structure that bends the hearing receptors but does not vibrate itself is the

Hearing receptors are connected to the ____ by supporting cells

Where are olfactory receptors located?

What sensation allows someone to enjoy the "beef taste" of a steak?

We cannot see images formed on the optic disc (blind spot).

An astigmatism results from unequal curvatures of the cornea or lens.

Eye movements are controlled by the abducens, oculomotor, and trochlear nerves.

The gel-like substance that reinforces the eyeball and prevents it from collapsing inward is the

Which of the following is a sex-linked condition that more often affects males?

Which disorder of the eye results from increased pressure due to a buildup of aqueous humor?

What part of the eye has the greatest visual acuity

The biconvex structure that focuses light on the retina is the

Which gland is located above the lateral end of each eye and releases tears?

The normal resting eye is generally "set" for distant vision

The ability of the eye to focus on objects closer than 20 feet away is known as accommodation.

Fibers from the medial side of each eye cross over to the opposite side of the brain at the

An ear infection following an illness such as a cold can pass from the throat through the auditory (pharyngotympanic) tube to the

Identify the pathway of vibrations as they travel from one ossicle to the next.

The vibration of sound waves causes the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, to move against an ossicle known as

What divides the outer ear from the middle ear?

What structure is lined with ceruminous glands?

In severe cases of otitis media, a tube is implanted into what structure to allow for drainage?

What information does the brain use to interpret the source of a sound?

Hair cells that function as hearing receptors are located within the

After years of working on loud construction sites, Erik experienced deafness in both ears. Determine what has been damaged.

While spinning around on a carousel or carnival ride, this motion will be detected by receptors known as the

The five taste sensations are

What specific receptor cells respond to chemicals dissolved in saliva?

What are the three cranial nerves that carry taste sensations to the brain?

After the age of 40 the elasticity of the lens decreases, making it difficult to clearly see close objects. What is this condition called?