When was the reconstruction period?
1865-1877
What was the reconstruction period?
the reconstruction period after enslavement (rebuilding after the civil war).
What were some pros of the reconstruction?
1. 13 = abolished slavery, 14 = citizenship, 15 = voting
for
Black men
2. Black politicians and churches
3. HBCU'S
4. Freedmen's Bureau
What were some cons of the reconstruction?
1. Black codes
2. Social violence
3. Sharecropping
4. Compromise (1877)
Who was Mary Church Terrell?
She was a modern educated black woman that could pass for white. She was an activist and mediator that destruct racial logic.
Who is Anna Julia Cooper?
Was an activist and voice from the south. Also created double jeopardy.
Who was educated at Oberlin and Sorbonne and created the principal of "M" street school in Washington DC?
Anna Julia Cooper
Who said “ONLY THE BLACK WOMAN CAN SAY...WHEN AND WHERE I
ENTER....THE WHOLE RACE ENTERS
WITH ME” and “IF BLACK MEN ARE THE
MUFFLED
CHORD, THEN BLACK WOMEN ARE
THE MUTE AND VOICELESS
NOTE; NO
LANGUAGE BUT A CRY”?
Anna Julia Cooper
Who said “WHO AMONG YOU CAN CARRY YOUR
BURDEN IN THE HEAT OF THE DAY”?
Mary Church Terrell
Who is Ida B. Wells Barnett?
She wrote the red record(about lynchings), activist for free speech, and was exiled form the south.
What was the lynch law in America?
The national crime was lynching and it was a unwritten law
What is the correlation between rape and lynching?
Rape was not really committed and there were mutual relationships. Males were never accused of raping a black women.
What was the main idea of the Atlantic slave trade?
Europeans enslaved millions of african americans into forced labor to meet their growing labor needs.
Know the route of the triangular trade...
1. Manufactured goods from Europe to Africa
2. Slaves from
Africa to the Americas
3. Rum, and other goods from the Americas to
Europe
What was the triangular trade?
A trade route between Africa, America, and Europe that ran the transatlantic trade of enslave people.
What was the middle passage?
The second half of the passage that enslaved people had to endure across the Atlantic Ocean to America.
True or false. Slavery is thought to be as old as civilization itself.
True
Slavery in Africans and Muslims societies were not...
hereditary. (They had social mobility)
Who were the first Europeans to explore Africa?
The Portuguese
What were Europeans more interested in trading for rather than slaves?
Gold
What were the advantages of using slaves?
1. They did not know the land
2. They knew how to farm
3. They were familiar with european diseases
How many slaves were taken between 1500 and 1600s?
300,000
Who lead the way for slave trade?
Brazil and Portugal
During the 1600s, what market did Brazil dominate?
Sugar market
During the late 17th century, how many slaves were taken to Brazil?
40%
Who dominated the slave trade after 1690?
England
How many slaves died on the journey from capture and crossing?
Nearly 1/3
What was the formula for the journey?
2 slaves per tonne
What were the conditions on the boat?
1. Crowded and unsanitary
2. Males chained together and women/children were separate
3. Slaves rode on planks and there was a high mortality rate
How many times were slaves fed and what did they eat?
2 times a day.
-Very unsanitary and 10 people ate from 1 bucket.
Describe the crossing.
Canary Islands to the Windward Islands. 40 to 180 days to reach the Caribbean. Pirates attacked Spanish ships. Frightening experience
true or false. Uprisings were common on the boat.
True
How were african american women treated?
They had less protection since separated from men. Women were worth half the price of men.
How did the slaves survive?
1\3 died, but the rest adapted to the new foods, they learned the creole dialect, and created kinship and culture within each other.
What did slaves have to go through before being sold?
1. Bathe/exercise
2. oil bodies and hemp plugs
What was a creole slave?
slaves born in the Americas (worth three times price unseasoned Africans)
Old vs new African.
Old- Lived in the Americas for some time
New- Had just survived the middle passage
About how many african americans were brought to American during the 3 decades of the slave trade?
9-11 million