HCOM100 - Midterm Vocab Flashcards

process by which individuals use symbols, signs, & behaviors to exchange info

arbitrary constructions (language/behavior) that refer to objects, ppl, things, & ideas

feeling of connectedness you have w/ others

what we do affects others & what others do affect us

ability to influence others & way in which interactions are conducted

Expressing Affliation

Managing Relationships

Influencing Others

set of symbols joined to create meaningful message

process of mentally constructing message

process of interpreting & assigning meaning to message that gets received

ppl exchange messages in both sender & receiver roles

Symbolic

Requires Shared Code

Linked to Culture

Can be Unintentional

Occurs Through Various Channels

Transactional

effective & appropriate for given situation, communicators evaluate & reassess own communication process

ability to shift btwn diff behaviors depending on situation

behavioral abilities based on social understandings used to achieve particular goals

Process Oriented

Appropriate & Effective

Involves Ethical Decisions

Involves Communication Skills

Involves Technology

Direct, one-way (receiver cannot communicate to sender)

Two-way, incorporates feedback

Two-way, incorporates feedback, ongoing & transactional process, face-to-face

ability to consider multiple scenarios, formulate multiple theories, & make multiple interpretations when encoding/decoding

Cultural context (similar age, ethnicity, clothing, class, etc.)

Situational context (current situation, rules, norms)

Relational context (connection with others)

sum of shared experiences of individuals involved in relationship

study of communication between dyads (pairs of individuals)

cognitive process in which individuals interpret experiences through their own unique understandings

how individuals (1) gather, (2) organize, & (3) evaluate perceptions/info received

taking info based on lens

classifying things into groups

applying labels to things

cognitive structures that put bits of partial but related info into larger picture

the more an individual interacts w/ & learns about a person, the more clear the individual’s judgment of that person

judgments we make/characteristics personified to explain another’s behavior

overemphasize internal causes & underestimate external causes of behaviors we observe in others

attributing successes to internal factors & failures to external factors

focusing & highlighting negative attributes of another & glossing over their positive attributes

cognitively organizing individuals into groups & categories that generalize attitudes, behaviors, skills, morals, & habits

deep-seated feelings of ill will toward ppl in specific groups

individual’s internal understanding of themselves

how you feel about your worth & value to others externally

ability to predict actual success from self-concept & self-esteem

ability to watch your environment & others for cues about how to present yourself in specific situation

revealing hidden info about ourselves (both depth & rate)

system of symbols & words we use to think about & communicate experiences + feelings to others

system of symbols individuals use to describe people, things, & situations within one’s own mind

rules for creating words, phrases, & sentences within a particular language

process of learning individual words in a language & learning to use the language appropriately + effectively

Controling

Informing

Expressing Feeling

Expressing Creativity

Ritualizing

exerting influence over environment

giving, sharing, & receiving info

letting ppl know how much u value them by emotions u express

ability to think & engage others creatively

learning the rules for managing conservations & relationships

relationship between symbols & verbal language words cultures create for those symbols; how someone expresses thoughts through words

word or character placement in a language structure

ability to use a culture’s symbol systems appropriately & effectively

accepted literal (definition) meaning

emotional/contextual response individuals have to words

higher = less clear & detailed

purposefully not including specific details, lie of omission

using unclear/misleading words on purpose

words w/ neutral or positive connotations we substitute for more upsetting terms

explains how language & identity shape language in diff contexts: language reflects, builds on, & determines context

using specific verbal language depending on situational, relational, & cultural contexts

being able to switch between formality/informality or actual languages “easily”

informal, nonstandard, or shorthand language used by individuals in a culture

where we are (face-to-face vs online) changes the words we use, high vs low language

emotions we feel & history between individuals can affect verbal choices

group membership of individual can create verbal/nonverbal rule expectations

words a culture emphasizes or lacks can influence an individual’s perceptions (linguistic relativity)

intentionally or unintentionally signaling meaning through behavior other than words, ⅔ of communication meaning is nonverbal

Communicative; tone of voice or “paralanguage” can provide more meaning than just words

Can be unintentional or intentional

Ambiguous; can be interpreted differently

Trusted more than verbal communication

Reinforces Verbal Messages

Substitutes for Verbal Messages

Contradicts Verbal Messages

Manages/Regulates Interactions

Creates Immediacy

Deceives Others

saying a verbal message & following it up w/ nonverbal gesture

saying a verbal m message & simultaneously enhancing it w/ consistent nonverbal behavior

clarifying/emphasizing verbal words by changing speed

using nonverbal cues to make certain impressions & regulate interactions of communicators

feeling of closeness, involvement, & warmth btwn ppl

attempting to convince others of something that is false

Kinesics

Oculesics

Paralanguage

Artifacts

Proxemic zones

Haptics

Chronemics

Facial expressions, hand gestures, & body movements

eye movement, eye contact, and avoiding or lack of eye contact

way we use voice to send message

physical appearance (clothes & jewelry worn symbolize individual’s identity)

how individuals perceive & use physical space

.01-18 inches

18 inches - 4 feet

4 feet - 12 feet

12 feet & beyond

use of physical touch to send message

use of time as a communicative message; ways you perceive & value, structure, & react to time

learned system of thought & behavior that compromises of shared beliefs, values, & practices

values group harmony & stresses importance of conformity to group norms

values each person’s autonomy, privacy, & personal space

emphasize suble, indirect contextual clues to interpret meaning & send subtle messages

rely less on situational factors to convey meaning through direct & assertive cues

values stability, prioritizes family responsibilities & support, low ambiguity

values taking risks, new challenges = admirable, high ambiguity

value role status; ppl w/ less power accept low position, coercion is normal, avoid challenging authority

value equality, assertiveness, & showing respect based on merit, more likely to challenge status quo, consider multiple options, & resist coersion

relaxed sense of time

strict sense of time

ppl individual feels emotionally close to & w/ whom they share interdependent fate

others individual feels emotionally distant from & who have little emotional ties

belief in superiority of own culture/group

mindfulness of behavior that might offend others, open-minded attitude, willingness to take part in unfamiliar cultural norms