front 1 Communication | back 1 process by which individuals use symbols, signs, & behaviors to exchange info |
front 2 Symbols | back 2 arbitrary constructions (language/behavior) that refer to objects, ppl, things, & ideas |
front 3 Affiliation | back 3 feeling of connectedness you have w/ others |
front 4 Interdependence | back 4 what we do affects others & what others do affect us |
front 5 Control | back 5 ability to influence others & way in which interactions are conducted |
front 6 Function #1 of Communication | back 6 Expressing Affliation |
front 7 Function #2 of Communication | back 7 Managing Relationships |
front 8 Function #3 of Communication | back 8 Influencing Others |
front 9 Code | back 9 set of symbols joined to create meaningful message |
front 10 Encoding | back 10 process of mentally constructing message |
front 11 Decoding | back 11 process of interpreting & assigning meaning to message that gets received |
front 12 Transactional | back 12 ppl exchange messages in both sender & receiver roles |
front 13 Characteristic of Communication #1 | back 13 Symbolic |
front 14 Characteristic of Communication #2 | back 14 Requires Shared Code |
front 15 Characteristic of Communication #3 | back 15 Linked to Culture |
front 16 Characteristic of Communication #4 | back 16 Can be Unintentional |
front 17 Characteristic of Communication #5 | back 17 Occurs Through Various Channels |
front 18 Characteristic of Communication #6 | back 18 Transactional |
front 19 Competent communication | back 19 effective & appropriate for given situation, communicators evaluate & reassess own communication process |
front 20 Behavior flexibility | back 20 ability to shift btwn diff behaviors depending on situation |
front 21 Communication skills | back 21 behavioral abilities based on social understandings used to achieve particular goals |
front 22 Features of Communicating Competently #1 | back 22 Process Oriented |
front 23 Features of Communicating Competently #2 | back 23 Appropriate & Effective |
front 24 Features of Communicating Competently #3 | back 24 Involves Ethical Decisions |
front 25 Features of Communicating Competently #4 | back 25 Involves Communication Skills |
front 26 Features of Communicating Competently #5 | back 26 Involves Technology |
front 27 Linear Model | back 27 Direct, one-way (receiver cannot communicate to sender) |
front 28 Interaction Model | back 28 Two-way, incorporates feedback |
front 29 Competent Communication Model | back 29 Two-way, incorporates feedback, ongoing & transactional process, face-to-face |
front 30 Cognitive complexity | back 30 ability to consider multiple scenarios, formulate multiple theories, & make multiple interpretations when encoding/decoding |
front 31 Layer of CGM #1 | back 31 Cultural context (similar age, ethnicity, clothing, class, etc.) |
front 32 Layer of CGM #2 | back 32 Situational context (current situation, rules, norms) |
front 33 Layer of CGM #3 | back 33 Relational context (connection with others) |
front 34 Relational history | back 34 sum of shared experiences of individuals involved in relationship |
front 35 Interpersonal communication | back 35 study of communication between dyads (pairs of individuals) |
front 36 Perception | back 36 cognitive process in which individuals interpret experiences through their own unique understandings |
front 37 Communication processing | back 37 how individuals (1) gather, (2) organize, & (3) evaluate perceptions/info received |
front 38 Gathering | back 38 taking info based on lens |
front 39 Organizing | back 39 classifying things into groups |
front 40 Evaluating | back 40 applying labels to things |
front 41 Schema | back 41 cognitive structures that put bits of partial but related info into larger picture |
front 42 Interaction Appearance Theory | back 42 the more an individual interacts w/ & learns about a person, the more clear the individual’s judgment of that person |
front 43 Attributions | back 43 judgments we make/characteristics personified to explain another’s behavior |
front 44 Fundamental Attribution Error | back 44 overemphasize internal causes & underestimate external causes of behaviors we observe in others |
front 45 Self-serving Bias | back 45 attributing successes to internal factors & failures to external factors |
front 46 Negativity Bias | back 46 focusing & highlighting negative attributes of another & glossing over their positive attributes |
front 47 Stereotyping | back 47 cognitively organizing individuals into groups & categories that generalize attitudes, behaviors, skills, morals, & habits |
front 48 Prejudice | back 48 deep-seated feelings of ill will toward ppl in specific groups |
front 49 Self-concept | back 49 individual’s internal understanding of themselves |
front 50 Self-esteem | back 50 how you feel about your worth & value to others externally |
front 51 Self-efficacy | back 51 ability to predict actual success from self-concept & self-esteem |
front 52 Self-monitoring | back 52 ability to watch your environment & others for cues about how to present yourself in specific situation |
front 53 Self-disclosure | back 53 revealing hidden info about ourselves (both depth & rate) |
front 54 Language | back 54 system of symbols & words we use to think about & communicate experiences + feelings to others |
front 55 Cognitive language | back 55 system of symbols individuals use to describe people, things, & situations within one’s own mind |
front 56 Grammar | back 56 rules for creating words, phrases, & sentences within a particular language |
front 57 Communication Acquisition | back 57 process of learning individual words in a language & learning to use the language appropriately + effectively |
front 58 Function of Verbal Language #1 | back 58 Controling |
front 59 Function of Verbal Language #2 | back 59 Informing |
front 60 Function of Verbal Language #3 | back 60 Expressing Feeling |
front 61 Function of Verbal Language #4 | back 61 Expressing Creativity |
front 62 Function of Verbal Language #5 | back 62 Ritualizing |
front 63 Control | back 63 exerting influence over environment |
front 64 Informing | back 64 giving, sharing, & receiving info |
front 65 Expressing Feeling | back 65 letting ppl know how much u value them by emotions u express |
front 66 Imagining | back 66 ability to think & engage others creatively |
front 67 Ritualizing | back 67 learning the rules for managing conservations & relationships |
front 68 Semantics | back 68 relationship between symbols & verbal language words cultures create for those symbols; how someone expresses thoughts through words |
front 69 Syntax | back 69 word or character placement in a language structure |
front 70 Pragmatics | back 70 ability to use a culture’s symbol systems appropriately & effectively |
front 71 Denotation | back 71 accepted literal (definition) meaning |
front 72 Connotation | back 72 emotional/contextual response individuals have to words |
front 73 Abstraction ladder | back 73 higher = less clear & detailed |
front 74 Evasion | back 74 purposefully not including specific details, lie of omission |
front 75 Equivocation | back 75 using unclear/misleading words on purpose |
front 76 Euphemism | back 76 words w/ neutral or positive connotations we substitute for more upsetting terms |
front 77 Communication Accommodation Theory | back 77 explains how language & identity shape language in diff contexts: language reflects, builds on, & determines context |
front 78 Speech repertoire | back 78 using specific verbal language depending on situational, relational, & cultural contexts |
front 79 Code-switching | back 79 being able to switch between formality/informality or actual languages “easily” |
front 80 Slang | back 80 informal, nonstandard, or shorthand language used by individuals in a culture |
front 81 Situational context | back 81 where we are (face-to-face vs online) changes the words we use, high vs low language |
front 82 Relational context | back 82 emotions we feel & history between individuals can affect verbal choices |
front 83 Cultural context | back 83 group membership of individual can create verbal/nonverbal rule expectations |
front 84 Sapir-Whorf hypothesis | back 84 words a culture emphasizes or lacks can influence an individual’s perceptions (linguistic relativity) |
front 85 Nonverbal communication | back 85 intentionally or unintentionally signaling meaning through behavior other than words, ⅔ of communication meaning is nonverbal |
front 86 Nature of Nonverbal Communication #1 | back 86 Communicative; tone of voice or “paralanguage” can provide more meaning than just words |
front 87 Nature of Nonverbal Communication #2 | back 87 Can be unintentional or intentional |
front 88 Nature of Nonverbal Communication #3 | back 88 Ambiguous; can be interpreted differently |
front 89 Nature of Nonverbal Communication #4 | back 89 Trusted more than verbal communication |
front 90 Function of Nonverbal Communication #1 | back 90 Reinforces Verbal Messages |
front 91 Function of Nonverbal Communication #2 | back 91 Substitutes for Verbal Messages |
front 92 Function of Nonverbal Communication #3 | back 92 Contradicts Verbal Messages |
front 93 Function of Nonverbal Communication #4 | back 93 Manages/Regulates Interactions |
front 94 Function of Nonverbal Communication #5 | back 94 Creates Immediacy |
front 95 Function of Nonverbal Communication #6 | back 95 Deceives Others |
front 96 Repeating | back 96 saying a verbal message & following it up w/ nonverbal gesture |
front 97 Complementing | back 97 saying a verbal m message & simultaneously enhancing it w/ consistent nonverbal behavior |
front 98 Accenting | back 98 clarifying/emphasizing verbal words by changing speed |
front 99 Interaction management | back 99 using nonverbal cues to make certain impressions & regulate interactions of communicators |
front 100 Immediacy | back 100 feeling of closeness, involvement, & warmth btwn ppl |
front 101 Deception | back 101 attempting to convince others of something that is false |
front 102 Nonverbal Code #1 | back 102 Kinesics |
front 103 Nonverbal Code #2 | back 103 Oculesics |
front 104 Nonverbal Code #3 | back 104 Paralanguage |
front 105 Nonverbal Code #4 | back 105 Artifacts |
front 106 Nonverbal Code #5 | back 106 Proxemic zones |
front 107 Nonverbal Code #6 | back 107 Haptics |
front 108 Nonverbal Code #7 | back 108 Chronemics |
front 109 Kinesics | back 109 Facial expressions, hand gestures, & body movements |
front 110 Oculesics | back 110 eye movement, eye contact, and avoiding or lack of eye contact |
front 111 Paralanguage | back 111 way we use voice to send message |
front 112 Artifacts | back 112 physical appearance (clothes & jewelry worn symbolize individual’s identity) |
front 113 Proxemic zones | back 113 how individuals perceive & use physical space |
front 114 Intimate Zone 1 | back 114 .01-18 inches |
front 115 Personal Zone 2 | back 115 18 inches - 4 feet |
front 116 Social Zone 3 | back 116 4 feet - 12 feet |
front 117 Public Zone 4 | back 117 12 feet & beyond |
front 118 Haptics | back 118 use of physical touch to send message |
front 119 Chronemics | back 119 use of time as a communicative message; ways you perceive & value, structure, & react to time |
front 120 Culture | back 120 learned system of thought & behavior that compromises of shared beliefs, values, & practices |
front 121 Collectivism | back 121 values group harmony & stresses importance of conformity to group norms |
front 122 Individualism | back 122 values each person’s autonomy, privacy, & personal space |
front 123 High-context communication | back 123 emphasize suble, indirect contextual clues to interpret meaning & send subtle messages |
front 124 Low-context communication | back 124 rely less on situational factors to convey meaning through direct & assertive cues |
front 125 High Uncertainty Avoidance | back 125 values stability, prioritizes family responsibilities & support, low ambiguity |
front 126 Low Uncertainty Avoidance | back 126 values taking risks, new challenges = admirable, high ambiguity |
front 127 High Power Distance | back 127 value role status; ppl w/ less power accept low position, coercion is normal, avoid challenging authority |
front 128 Low Power Distance | back 128 value equality, assertiveness, & showing respect based on merit, more likely to challenge status quo, consider multiple options, & resist coersion |
front 129 Polychronic Time Orientation Culture | back 129 relaxed sense of time |
front 130 Monochronic Time Orientatiaon Culture | back 130 strict sense of time |
front 131 In-group | back 131 ppl individual feels emotionally close to & w/ whom they share interdependent fate |
front 132 Outgroup | back 132 others individual feels emotionally distant from & who have little emotional ties |
front 133 Ethnocentrism | back 133 belief in superiority of own culture/group |
front 134 Intercultural sensitivity | back 134 mindfulness of behavior that might offend others, open-minded attitude, willingness to take part in unfamiliar cultural norms |