dysuria
painful or difficult urination; burning with urination
enuresis
involuntary loss or leakage of urine during sleep; aka bed-wetting
functional incontinence
the person has bladder control but cannot use the toilet in time
hematuria
blood in the urine
mixed incontinence
the combination of stress incontinence and urge incontinence
nocturia
frequent urination at night
oliguria
small amount if urine; less than 500ml in 24 hours
over-flow incontinence
small amounts of urine leak from a full bladder
polyuria
abnormally large amounts of urine
reflex incontinence
urine is lost at predictable intervals when a specific amount of urine is in the bladder
stress incontinence
when urine leaks during exercise and certain movements that cause pressure on the bladder
transient incontinence
temporary or occasional incontinence that is reversed when the cause is treated
urge incontinence
the loss of urine in response to a sudden, urgent need to void; the person cannot get to a toilet in time
urinary frequency
voiding at frequent intervals
urinary incontinence (UI)
the involuntary loss or leakage of urine
urinary retention
not being able to completely empty the bladder
urinary urgency
the need to void at once
colostomy
a surgically created opening between the colon and the body's surface
enema
the introduction of fluid into the rectum and lower colon
fecal impaction
the prolonged retention and buildup of feces in the rectum
fecal incontinence
the inability to control the passage of feces and flatus through the anus
flatulence
the excessive formation of gas or air in the stomach and intestines
flatus
gas or air that passed through the anus
ileostomy
a surgically created opening between the ileum (small intestine) and the body's surface
ostomy
a surgically created opening that connects an internal organ to the body's surface
peristalsis
the alternating contraction and relaxation of intestinal muscles
stoma
a surgically created opening seen on the body's surface
suppository
a cone-shaped, solid drug that is inserted into a body opening; it melts at body temperature
abduction
moving a body part away from the mid-line of the body
adduction
moving a body part toward the mid-line of the body
ambulation
the act of walking
contracture
decreased motion and stiffness of a joint caused by the shortening of a muscle
deconditioning
the loss of muscle strength from inactivity
atrophy
the decrease in size or wasting away of tissue
dorsiflexion
bending the toes and foot up at the ankle
extension
straightening a body part
external rotation
turning the joint outward
flexion
bending a body part
footdrop
the foot falls down at the ankle; permanent plantar flexion
hyperextension
excessive straightening of a body part
internal rotation
turning the joint inward
opposition
touching an opposite finger with the thumb
orthostatic (postural) hypotension
abnormally low blood pressure when the person suddenly stands up
orthotic
a device used to support a muscle, promote a certain motion, or correct a deformity
plantar flexion
the foot is bent bending the foot down at the ankle
pronation
turning the joint downward
range of motion (ROM)
the movement of a joint to the extent possible without causing pain
rotation
turning the joint
supination
turning the joint upward
syncope
a brief loss of consciousness; fainting
rehabilitation
the process of restoring the person to their highest possible level of physical, psychological, social, and economic function
restorative aide
a nursing assist with special training in restorative nursing and rehabilitation skills
restorative nursing care
care that helps persons regain health and strength for safe and independent living