All about Nephrotic syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder that causes your body to excrete too much protein in your urine. This can lead to swelling in your feet and ankles and increase risk of other health problems.
All symptoms of acute pyelonephritis
Fever, back pain, frequent urination, and nausea.
The organism most commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis is???? What?
Escherichia coli
All about polycystic kidney disease
genetic disorder characterized by growth of cysts, which can replace the mass of the kidney and lead to renal failure
The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is what?
Immune-mediated inflammation of the glomeruli
Immune complex deposition in the glomeruli
All the Signs consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include???
Hematuria, Proteinuria, Hypertension, and Edema
The pain that accompanies kidney disorders is called….WHAT?
Renal colic
Findings that should prompt an evaluation for renal cancer include …WHICH ONES?
Hematuria
The most common type of renal stone is WHAT?
Calcium
Scrotal pain in males and labial pain in females may accompany renal pain as a result of WHAT?
Kidney stones
Associated dermatomes
The oliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis is characterized by
Low urine output
Decreased urine output
Osteoporosis commonly occurs in patients with end-stage renal disease because of..WHAT?
Disturbances in calcium and phosphate metabolism
Gastrointestinal drainage, perioperative and postoperative hypotension, and hemorrhage may all contribute to renal failure by causing WHAT?
Hypovolemia
Appropriate therapy for prerenal kidney injury includes…WHAT?
Volume repletion
A patient with renal disease is at risk for developing uremia as the nephrons progressively deteriorate, because????
The nephrons are unable to effectively filter waste products from the blood.
The most likely cause of anemia in a patient with end-stage renal disease is..BECAUSE??
The most likely cause of anemia in a patient with end-stage renal disease is a lack of erythropoietin production by the kidneys.
The most likely cause of acidosis in a patient with end-stage renal disease is BECAUSE? DEjavu
The patient's kidneys are unable to excrete hydrogen ions and reabsorb bicarbonate ions.
The most helpful laboratory value in monitoring the progression of declining renal function is WHICH ONE?
Serum creatinine
Appropriate management of end-stage renal disease includes WHICH ONES?
erythropoietin administration
What problem is a patient likely to experience in end-stage renal disease?
Kidney failure / Uremia
Which intervention has been found to retard the advancement of chronic kidney disease?
Blood pressure control
Ace inhibitors
In patients with polycystic kidney disease, renal failure is expected to progress over time as the cystic process destroys more nephrons. At what point will a patient reach end-stage renal disease?
When approximately 90% of nephron function is lost.
Greater than 90% nephron loss
The most common cause of intrinsic kidney injury is WHAT ? Injury.
Tubular
Hypotension is both a cause of chronic kidney disease and a result of chronic kidney disease. T or False
False
Activation of parasympathetic nerves to the bladder will cause. WHAT?
Urination
Bladder contraction
Urinary retention with consistent or intermittent dribbling of urine is called WHAT?
Overflow incontinence
The direct cause of stress incontinence is..WHAT?
Weakening of the pelvic muscles.
Which group is at the highest risk for urinary tract infection?
- Women
- Sexually active women
The normal post-void residual urine in the bladder is…WHAT?
Less than 50 mL or Less Than 100 mL
A ureterocele is…WHAT?
A swelling or enlargement at the end of the ureter, where it enters the bladder.
The most frequent initial symptom of bladder cancer is..WHAT?
Hematuria (blood in the urine)
A patient has ureteral colic. The manifestation that requires immediate notification of the physician is….WHAT
Increasing pain or discomfort.
The most commonly ordered diagnostic test for evaluation of the urinary system is..WHAT?
Urinalysis
Ultrasonography
The disorder characterized by a neurologic lesion that affects bladder control is WHAT?
Neurogenic bladder
Vesicoureteral reflux is associated with….WHAT?
Urinary tract infections
Recurrent cystitis
The microorganism that causes the vast majority of urinary tract infections is WHICH ONE?
E. coli
A patient diagnosed with a micropenis must be evaluated for….WHAT?
Hormonal imbalances
Endocrine disorders
Sexual impotence is rarely because of…WHAT?
Lack of attraction to the partner.
Primary causes
Phimosis is a disorder of the penis characterized by WHAT?
The inability to retract the foreskin over the glans penis.
Cryptorchidism is WHAT?
The condition in which one or both of the testes fail to descend.
Associated with an increased incidence of testicular cancer
Sudden, severe testicular pain is indicative of WHAT?
Testicular torsion
A progressive decrease in the force of the urinary stream, dribbling of urine, and difficulty initiating the urinary stream are characteristic of WHAT?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Prostatic enlargement
The condition in which the urethra opens on the dorsal aspect of the penis is known as WHAT?
Epispadias
The pathology report for a patient with penile cancer has this statement: The tumor involves the shaft of the penis. The cancer is at what stage?
Stage T2/ II
The most common cause of urinary obstruction in male newborns and infants is urethral valves. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
The majority of penile cancer cases are classified as basal cell carcinoma. TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
The prognosis of penile carcinoma depends upon the stage of the disease. TRUE OR FALSE
True
Uterine prolapse is caused by a relaxation of the WHAT?
Pelvic floor muscles
Cardinal ligaments
Endometriosis is a condition in which ????
Tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside of the uterus.
Ectopic endometrial tissue is present
Absence of menstruation is called WHAT?
Amenorrhea
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is caused by WHAT?
An imbalance in the levels of estrogen and progesterone
Absent or diminished level of progesterone
What reproductive tract disorder is most likely to be associated with urinary stress incontinence?
Pelvic organ prolapse
Cystocele
All about fibrocystic breast disease
Fibrocystic breast disease is a benign condition characterized by lumpy, painful breasts and palpable fibrosis. It's common among women of reproductive age and symptoms often correlate with menstrual cycle. No specific treatment is required, but symptoms can be managed with pain relievers and lifestyle changes.
A potential risk factor for breast cancer includes…WHAT?
Family history of breast cancer
Early menarche & late 1st pregnancy
Excessive vomiting in pregnant women is known as WHAT
Hyperemesis gravidarum
The expected treatment of a pregnant woman with hyperemesis gravidarum is
Intravenous fluids and medications to control vomiting.
Intravenous therapy
Cervical cancer can be detected in the early, curable stage by the ________ test.
Pap smear
Papanicolaou
The most common types of uterine tumors are known as WHAT?
Fibroids
Leiomyomas
A breast lump that is painless, hard, and unmoving is most likely WHAT?
A tumor
Breast cancer
carcinoma
The HPV vaccine is recommended for 11- to 12-year-old girls, but can be administered to girls as young as _____ years of age.
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