Which finding is indicative of orthostatic hypotension in a person with a supine blood pressure (BP) of 110/70 and a heart rate (HR) of 100
Sitting BP 88/60, HR 118
Critically ill patients may have parenterally administered vasoactive drugs that are adjusted according to their _____ pressure.
mean arterial
The prevalence of high blood pressure is higher in
non-Hispanic black adults.
Angina caused by coronary artery spasm is called _____ angina.
Prinzmetal variant
An erroneously low blood pressure measurement may be caused by
positioning the arm above the heart level.
A patient with significant aortic stenosis is likely to experience
syncope.
A patient is diagnosed with cardiogenic shock. The patient is hyperventilating and is therefore at risk for the respiratory complication of respiratory acidosis.
false
Mitral stenosis is associated with
a pressure gradient across the mitral valve.
Primary treatment for myocardial infarction (MI) is directed at
decreasing myocardial oxygen demands.
Hypotension, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds are classic manifestations of
cardiac tamponade
The ingestion of certain drugs, foods, or chemicals can lead to secondary hypertension.
true
What compensatory sign would be expected during periods of physical exertion in a patient with limited ventricular stroke volume?
Tachycardia
High blood pressure increases the workload of the left ventricle, because it increases
afterload.
A patient with a history of myocardial infarction continues to complain of intermittent chest pain brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. The likely cause of this pain is
stable angina
Lactated Ringer solution and normal saline are commonly used crystalloid solutions that contain electrolytes.
true
A loud pansystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla is most likely a result of
mitral regurgitation
New-organ damage is a function of both the stage of hypertension and its duration.
false
A patient has a history of falls, syncope, dizziness, and blurred vision. The patient’s symptomology is most likely related to
hypotension.
Which blood pressure reading is considered to be indicative of prehypertension according to the JNC-7 criteria?
128/82
An example of an acyanotic heart defect is
ventricular septal defect.
Which dysrhythmia is thought to be associated with reentrant mechanisms?
Preexcitation syndrome tachycardia (Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome)
Tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1 contribute to shock states because they induce production of
nitric oxide
The therapy that most directly improves cardiac contractility in a patient with systolic heart failure is
digitalis.
Lusitropic impairment refers to
impaired diastolic relaxation.
Second-degree heart block type I (Wenckebach) is characterized by
lengthening PR intervals and dropped P wave
In contrast to all other types of shock, the hyperdynamic phase of septic shock is associated with
high cardiac output.
Low cardiac output in association with high preload is characteristic of ________ shock.
cardiogenic
In which stage of shock is a patient who has lost 1200 mL of blood, who has normal blood pressure when supine, but who experiences orthostatic hypotension upon standing?
Class II, Compensated Stage
A patient presenting with fever, hypotension, and lactic acidosis is most likely to be experiencing what type of shock?
Septic
Overproduction of nitric oxide is an important aspect of the pathophysiologic process of what type of shock?
Septic
A patient with heart failure who reports intermittent shortness of breath during the night is experiencing
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.
A patient who reports dizziness and who has absent P waves, wide QRS complexes, and a heart rate of 38 beats/minute on an ECG is most likely in which rhythm?
Ventricular escape rhythm
Increased preload of the cardiac chambers may lead to which patient symptom?
Edema
The majority of tachydysrhythmias are believed to occur because of
reentry mechanisms
Hypotension associated with neurogenic and anaphylactic shock is because of
peripheral pooling of blood.
A patient is exhibiting severe dyspnea and anxiety. The patient also has bubbly crackles in all lung fields with pink, frothy sputum. This patient is most likely experiencing
acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Cor pulmonale refers to
right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to pulmonary hypertension.
A patient with pure left-sided heart failure is likely to exhibit
pulmonary congestion with dyspnea.
Sepsis has been recently redefined as
a systemic inflammatory response to infection.
Cardiogenic shock is characterized by
reduced cardiac output.