front 1 Which finding is indicative of orthostatic hypotension in a person with a supine blood pressure (BP) of 110/70 and a heart rate (HR) of 100 | back 1 Sitting BP 88/60, HR 118 |
front 2 Critically ill patients may have parenterally administered vasoactive drugs that are adjusted according to their _____ pressure. | back 2 mean arterial |
front 3 The prevalence of high blood pressure is higher in | back 3 non-Hispanic black adults. |
front 4 Angina caused by coronary artery spasm is called _____ angina. | back 4 Prinzmetal variant |
front 5 An erroneously low blood pressure measurement may be caused by | back 5 positioning the arm above the heart level. |
front 6 A patient with significant aortic stenosis is likely to experience | back 6 syncope. |
front 7 A patient is diagnosed with cardiogenic shock. The patient is hyperventilating and is therefore at risk for the respiratory complication of respiratory acidosis. | back 7 false |
front 8 Mitral stenosis is associated with | back 8 a pressure gradient across the mitral valve. |
front 9 Primary treatment for myocardial infarction (MI) is directed at | back 9 decreasing myocardial oxygen demands. |
front 10 Hypotension, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds are classic manifestations of | back 10 cardiac tamponade |
front 11 The ingestion of certain drugs, foods, or chemicals can lead to secondary hypertension. | back 11 true |
front 12 What compensatory sign would be expected during periods of physical exertion in a patient with limited ventricular stroke volume? | back 12 Tachycardia |
front 13 High blood pressure increases the workload of the left ventricle, because it increases | back 13 afterload. |
front 14 A patient with a history of myocardial infarction continues to complain of intermittent chest pain brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. The likely cause of this pain is | back 14 stable angina |
front 15 Lactated Ringer solution and normal saline are commonly used crystalloid solutions that contain electrolytes. | back 15 true |
front 16 A loud pansystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla is most likely a result of | back 16 mitral regurgitation |
front 17 New-organ damage is a function of both the stage of hypertension and its duration. | back 17 false |
front 18 A patient has a history of falls, syncope, dizziness, and blurred vision. The patient’s symptomology is most likely related to | back 18 hypotension. |
front 19 Which blood pressure reading is considered to be indicative of prehypertension according to the JNC-7 criteria? | back 19 128/82 |
front 20 An example of an acyanotic heart defect is | back 20 ventricular septal defect. |
front 21 Which dysrhythmia is thought to be associated with reentrant mechanisms? | back 21 Preexcitation syndrome tachycardia (Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome) |
front 22 Tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1 contribute to shock states because they induce production of | back 22 nitric oxide |
front 23 The therapy that most directly improves cardiac contractility in a patient with systolic heart failure is | back 23 digitalis. |
front 24 Lusitropic impairment refers to | back 24 impaired diastolic relaxation. |
front 25 Second-degree heart block type I (Wenckebach) is characterized by | back 25 lengthening PR intervals and dropped P wave |
front 26 In contrast to all other types of shock, the hyperdynamic phase of septic shock is associated with | back 26 high cardiac output. |
front 27 Low cardiac output in association with high preload is characteristic of ________ shock. | back 27 cardiogenic |
front 28 In which stage of shock is a patient who has lost 1200 mL of blood, who has normal blood pressure when supine, but who experiences orthostatic hypotension upon standing? | back 28 Class II, Compensated Stage |
front 29 A patient presenting with fever, hypotension, and lactic acidosis is most likely to be experiencing what type of shock? | back 29 Septic |
front 30 Overproduction of nitric oxide is an important aspect of the pathophysiologic process of what type of shock? | back 30 Septic |
front 31 A patient with heart failure who reports intermittent shortness of breath during the night is experiencing | back 31 paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. |
front 32 A patient who reports dizziness and who has absent P waves, wide QRS complexes, and a heart rate of 38 beats/minute on an ECG is most likely in which rhythm? | back 32 Ventricular escape rhythm |
front 33 Increased preload of the cardiac chambers may lead to which patient symptom? | back 33 Edema |
front 34 The majority of tachydysrhythmias are believed to occur because of | back 34 reentry mechanisms |
front 35 Hypotension associated with neurogenic and anaphylactic shock is because of | back 35 peripheral pooling of blood. |
front 36 A patient is exhibiting severe dyspnea and anxiety. The patient also has bubbly crackles in all lung fields with pink, frothy sputum. This patient is most likely experiencing | back 36 acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. |
front 37 Cor pulmonale refers to | back 37 right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to pulmonary hypertension. |
front 38 A patient with pure left-sided heart failure is likely to exhibit | back 38 pulmonary congestion with dyspnea. |
front 39 Sepsis has been recently redefined as | back 39 a systemic inflammatory response to infection. |
front 40 Cardiogenic shock is characterized by | back 40 reduced cardiac output. |