Bio 163 first test Flashcards

The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another is called

Which system is most dependent on a normal atmospheric pressure?

Which of these body parts is distal to the crural region

Physical trauma to a body organ is known as blunt trauma. Organs in which body cavity account for most blunt trauma injuries?

Which of these terms refers to a body area found on the dorsal surface?

Which of these planes would show the heart, lungs, and liver in the same section?

What cavity is superior to the diaphragm?

Which of these carries out the commands of a homeostatic control center?

Which of these describes the effect of a negative feedback mechanism?

Anatomical Position

not anatomical position

Which of these is an example of physiology

What organ system is responsible for breaking down food into molecules that can be absorbed by the body?

Which of these is an organ of the urinary system

Which of the following levels of organization is inclusive of all others?

Melanin is a protein pigment that protects us from ultraviolet radiation. What level of structural organization is the classification of melanin?

What necessary function does muscle contraction contribute to the human body?

The right and left iliac (inguinal) regions are lateral to the ________ region.

Which of the following is visible when viewing the anterior of a human body in anatomical position?

What are the two components of the first and simplest level of organization?

What is the smallest unit of life?

Select the correct order of the levels of organization in the body, from the most simple to the most complex levels:

Select the options that correctly define and exemplify a tissue:

The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm.

A patient in the emergency department complains of pain in her right upper quadrant (RUQ). What organ is least likely to be the cause for her pain?

The surgeon created an opening in the chest during surgery. The incision was made along a plane that equally separated the right and left halves of the thoracic cavity. This section is known as a(n)

In reference to the relationship between the patellar and popliteal regions, which of the following statements is correct?

A body part that is considered lateral is assumed to be

Ventral is a directional term synonymous with ________ in humans.

Which of these regions is distal to the antebrachial region?

Which organ system is the slow-acting control system of the body?

What are two organ systems that are involved in the excretion of wastes from the body?

Glands of the nervous system release chemicals called hormones into the blood.

A young child sustained a baseball hit to his cranial cavity. Which bones were fractured?

Which of these internal body cavities is the most inferior

The orbital cavities house the

The lungs and heart are situated in the ________ body cavity

The dorsal body cavity houses the

Transverse or cross sections divide the body into anterior and posterior parts.

What is the overall effect of a negative feedback mechanism?

Which of the following is an example of a homeostatic imbalance?

The navel is located in the ________ region of the abdominopelvic cavity.

There is no physical structure that separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity.

In anatomical position, a person is assumed to be standing erect.

inter

Endo

Centr

exo

cyto

The process of bringing something into a cell is called

The button-like structure that holds homologous chromosomes together at their middles during cell division is called the

The process of sending something outside of a cell is called

The cellular material between the cell membrane and the nucleus is called

The stage of the cellular lifecycle between divisions is called

The cells in our bodies are made up primarily of which four elements

Which organelle synthesizes proteins that are used in the cytoplasm

What part of the plasma membrane is hydrophobic?

Which of these organelles is responsible for forming secretory vesicles

Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease in which acid hydrolase enzymes escape from leaky cellular organelles, causing pain and a burning sensation in joints. The leaky organelles from which these acid hydrolase enzymes escape are the __________.

The final processing of proteins "tagged" for secretion occurs in which cellular organelle?

Part completeWhich of the following is the main component of the cell membrane

Which of the following is a characteristic of the cell membrane

Which of the following is not a major function of proteins in the cell membrane

What part of a cell membrane is usually in contact with the interstitial fluid

A primary active transport process is one in which __________.

Some transport processes use transport proteins in the plasma membrane, but do not require ATP. This type of transport is known as

The majority of water molecules moving across plasma membranes by osmosis do so via a process that is most similar to

The sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to move sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This statement describes _____.

A vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents to the extracellular fluid. This statement describes

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA duplication, or replication, take place

When a double helix of DNA is replicated, two complete helices are formed. Together, these helices are called sister

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids line up at the center of the cell

During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids move apart

During which phase of mitosis do nuclear envelopes and the nucleoli reappear

During which phase of mitosis do the nuclear envelope and nucleoli disappear?

What is the name of the process by which the cytoplasm divides in two

Which of the following best explains diffusion?

Which of the following is most likely to move through the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion

What is the basic difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane?

Which of the following is least likely to increase the rate of diffusion?

Which of the following is not required for osmosis to occur?

Which of the following solutions contains the most solute

In general, to maintain homeostasis the relationship between our intracellular and extracellular fluids should be which of the following?

If a person is severely dehydrated, their extracellular fluids will become hypertonic to the intracellular fluid. What do you predict will happen to the person’s cells?

Which of the following lists, in correct order, the phases of interphase?

Which of the following lists, in correct order, the phases of mitosis?

During which of the following phases does DNA replication occur?

During which of the following phases does chromatin condense and become chromosomes

A large amount of extracellular material is a characteristic of which type of tissue

Which type of muscle is characterized by the presence of striations and intercalated discs?

What is the significance of granulation tissue

What type of tissue has cells that are tightly packed, sits on a basement membrane, is avascular, and is easily regenerated

Describe the process of tissue repair, Phase 1:

Describe the process of tissue repair, Phase 2:

Describe the process of tissue repair, Phase 3

What happens when body cells are placed in a hypertonic solution?

What process permits absorption of glucose into cells

What transport process can create a concentration gradient for sodium across the plasma membrane

In which cell stage does DNA replicate

Which of the following molecules brings the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome during protein synthesis

What process does water use to move across the plasma membrane?

What process does a cell use to make an RNA copy of a segment of DNA?

Sometimes an abnormal cell mass can develop in the human body. It can take control of the cell cycle, and cell division can malfunction. Which of the following does NOT describe all neoplasms?

Some neoplasms are benign while others are malignant. Which of the following descriptions is true for a malignant neoplasm?

Which type of tissue is NOT readily repaired if damaged?

Which of the following statements is a component of the cell theory?

What are the three main parts of a generalized cell

Identify the best description of the arrangement of the plasma membrane phospholipid layers.

Which represents a correct function of plasma membrane proteins?

Rough ER

People with asthma produce too much mucus, which can block the airways. What type of cell associated with the epithelium of the respiratory tract is responsible for making mucus?

hallmark feature of epithelial tissues?

Groups of cells that are similar in both structure and function are known as

The specific type of epithelial tissue found lining organs of the digestive system such as the small intestine is

A tissue constructed of a single layer of flattened cells is known as

Which type of tissue is situated in the lining of the urinary bladder and urethra where stretching occurs

The type of tissue that functions to protect, support, insulate, and cushion together body tissues are classified as

Tendons and ligaments are classified as

connective tissue is commonly called fat

Which of the following is not classified as a connective tissue

The major cell type of cartilage is the

What forms the hard matrix of osseous tissue (bone)?

Identify the type of connective tissue that is found in lymph nodes, the spleen, and bone marrow.

The matrix of hyaline cartilage consists of abundant collagen fibers hidden in a rubbery matrix.

What characteristic is shared by both cardiac and smooth muscle tissue?

The type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach, and in the walls of blood vessels is

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle cells are cells that move organs and body parts.

Which type of tissue is insulated, supported, and protected by neuroglia?

Irritability and conductivity are the two major functional characteristics of

Which of the following tissues is constructed of many collagen fibers

Which type of tissue is most likely to repair itself if injured?

What is the first stage to occur during tissue repair (wound healing)

nuc

poly

hydr

phil

phob

In a cell membrane, the polar heads of phospholipids are in contact with water-based solutions, meaning they are

The central organelle of a cell is called the

Many chemical reactions, called______ synthesis reactions, occur by removing water.

In a cell membrane, the fatty acid tails of phospholipids are hidden inside the membrane away from water, meaning they are

While a dipeptide has two amino acids, a_____ has many

Which of these is an example of kinetic energy?

Which statement best describes energy?

All matter consists of elements. The greatest part of living matter is organized using only four elements. Which of the following elements does NOT make up the bulk of living matter?

What is the number of neutrons in an atom with atomic mass of 35, three energy levels, and 7 valence electrons?

What subatomic particle or particles have a mass of 1, a charge of +1, and are located in the nucleus of an atom

Which of these statements best describes an element?

What is the most accurate description of C₆H₁₂O₆?

Choose the best description for the term molecule.

A compound is defined as

If an atom has 10 electrons in its valence shell, how will it interact with atoms of a different element

What is an ion

When an ionic bond forms, which part(s) of the atoms are directly involved?

How do ions form ionic bonds

Calcium’s atomic number is 20. It forms ions with 18 electrons. What is the electrical charge of a calcium ion?

In a covalent bond

Covalent bonds

Which of the following is true of polar covalent bonds

A molecule of water (H₂O) is formed by what type of bond?

What organic molecule provides an immediate source of chemical energy within all cells?

Which nitrogen-containing base is found only in RNA?

What occurs when acid is added to a solution with a pH of 7?

What is the main type of lipid found in cellular membranes

carbohydrates

lipids

proteins

nucleic acids

triglycerides

phospholipids

steroids

Guanine always pairs with

Besides replicating before cell division, the other fundamental role of DNA is

The sugar in DNA is ________, while the sugar in RNA is ________.

n DNA, adenine pairs with ________but in RNA, adenine pairs with ___________.

ATP is a modified nucleotide used for cellular energy that contains the sugar

What is/are the product(s) of a dehydration synthesis reaction that occurs between two subunits of a polymer

Select the options that are examples of disaccharides

Select the correct statement about proteins:

The most abundant lipids in the body are triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids.

Which option contains the correct base pairing for building an RNA and DNA molecule?

In which category of organic molecules would you place compounds that catalyze chemical reactions?

The pH scale is based on

The brain and spinal cord are surrounded by water in cerebrospinal fluid. What purpose do you think this fluid serves in protecting these organs?

Blood is considered a weak base. Select the pH that best represents blood

Enzymes are

Keratin is a protein that provide toughness to skin and forms hair and nails. Due to its role in the body, it is best classified as

Gastric juices produced by the stomach are strongly acidic. Without the neutralizing effect of fluids from the pancreas, the stomach acids could be absorbed directly into the blood. What would be a likely outcome for blood pH if this happened?

Electrolytes conduct electrical currents in solution.

At a pH of 7, the number of hydroxide ions exceeds the number of hydrogen ions.

What cells of the nervous system are responsible for anchoring neurons to their blood vessels and controlling the extracellular fluid concentrations of potassium and neurotransmitters

What part of a neuron receives signals and sends a message to the cell body?

What is the first event of an action potential?

What ion depolarizes the membrane when it diffuses into the axon of a neuron?

CVA

Alzheimer's disease

Both Alzheimer's disease & CVA

Usually, brain injury is slight in a

In a _________, the victim may be dizzy, "see stars," or lose consciousness briefly.

Typically, little permanent brain damage occurs in a ?

A brain ________ is the result of marked tissue destruction

In a severe case, a _________results in a coma.

Which of these parts of the brain is correctly matched with its region?

Which of the following conditions would result from damage to the cerebellum?

The blockage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) outflow in the brain can cause accumulation of fluid, resulting in cranial enlargement in infants. This condition is called

In flaccid paralysis, muscles atrophy because they are not receiving neural stimulation. Damage to which specific part of the spinal cord would cause flaccid paralysis

What part of the brain do we use when initiating skeletal muscle movement

What produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

cervical plexus

brachial plexus

lumbar plexus

sacral plexus

What cranial nerve pair supplies many organs in the ventral body cavity

Which of these is an effect of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Which of these is a sympathetic effect?

What could result if a spinal nerve is severely damaged?

Which of the following can adversely affect brain development in the fetus?

Select the supporting cells present in the peripheral nervous system.

Select the option that correctly matches the type of neuroglia with its function

How are neurons classified according to their function

What primarily determines the polarity of the cell membrane when the neuron is at rest

Depolarized

central nervous system

peripheral nervous system

dors

cerebr

neur

itis

auto

The roots of the spinal cord on the posterior side are called

are supporting cells of the nervous system.

An infection of the meninges is called

The ________ nervous system is the part of the brain under involuntary, or automatic, control.

The conscious part of the brain is the

Fibers that carry information from the skin, joints, and skeletal muscles to the central nervous system are

The ________ is a connective tissue wrapping around fascicles of neuron fibers.

Which division of the peripheral nervous system activates skeletal muscles?

Saltatory conduction is a faster type of nerve impulse transmission that occurs along myelinated axons. Why is nerve impulse transmission faster in myelinated neurons?

Ganglia are collections of

What are the two major functional properties of neurons

What is the primary role of the interneuron (association neuron)

Ms. Young feels deep pressure during a tooth extraction. Which type of sensory receptor detects this sensation?

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) does not flow through the

What cells form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS?

Which of these lists the components of a reflex arc in the correct sequence?

Why is white matter "white"

What is the most abundant glial cell in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Which of the following neurons is classified as a unipolar neuron?

Which of the following neurons is classified as a unipolar neuron?

The blood-brain barrier is effective against the passage of

The spinal cord terminates by vertebra

The primary motor area allows us to consciously move our skeletal muscles.

Wendy had a few alcoholic drinks, then found walking and maintaining her balance difficult. Which part of her brain was sedated by the alcohol?

The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the

A special group of neurons in the gray matter of the brain stem that plays a role in consciousness and the awake/sleep cycles is the

Which meningeal layer is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

The hypothalamus is the "emotional-visceral" center of the brain and, thus, is an important part of the

A stroke in the primary motor area has caused Don to lose control over his skeletal muscles on the right side of his body. What lobe of his brain was damaged?

Which cranial nerve pairs are purely motor and control eye movement?

How many pairs of spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord

Which pair of cranial nerves is mismatched with its name

Both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems operate with a chain of two motor neurons.

Which nerves dominate parasympathetic division activities?

In contrast to the somatic nervous system, the autonomic nervous system

The ventral rami of the spinal nerves form a complex network of nerves known as a

Myelinated fibers (tracts) form ________ matter while unmyelinated fibers form ________ matter.

The part of the neuron that typically conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body is the

Which cranial nerves control movement of the eyes