Pectoral girdle is?
the shoulder
What does the clavicle do?
makes a joint with the sternum (sternoclavicular), and scapula (acromioclavicular joint)
what is the scapula's three most important part?
acromion process, coracoid process, glenoid cavity
function of acromian process?
makes joint with clavicle
the function of the coracoid process?
attachment of the muscles
the function of the glenoid cavity?
makes a joint with the head of the humerus.
which bones make the pectoral girdle?
clavicle and scapula
clavicle bone makes joint with which bone?
sternum and scapula
head of the humerus makes a joint with what?
glenoid cavity
the type of the joint between glenoid cavity and the head of the humorous is?
ball and socket joint.
the humerus bone includes / has?
head, neck, ( anatomical neck and surgical neck ), greater and lesser tubercle ( muscle attachment ), shaft, condyles, and epicondyles.
what is the greater and lesser tubercle?
muscle attachment.
the proximal part of the humerus makes a joint with what?
scapula (glenoid cavity) -> ball and socket
distal part of humerus makes joint with?
radius and ulna
what makes up the forearm bones?
the radius, ulna
what is the radius in the forearm?
the lateral bone
what is the ulna in the forearm bone?
the medial bone
what is the olecranal process?
makes the point of elbow, back of the elbow
what is the styloid process?
attachment of muscles
carpals are?
bones of the wrist
another name for wrist is?
carpus
how many carpus bones are there?
8 bones, 2 rows (proximal has 4) (distal has 4)
the palm bones are called?
metacarpal bones, 5 long bones
finger and thumbs are called?
phalanges, 14 long bones, each finger 3 phalanger , thumb has 2
Pelvic area is also called?
coxal area
there are how many coxal bones?
2 bones
each coxal bone is a combination of how many bones?
3 bones
Illium is?
the longest bone, illiac crestbe
illiac crest is used for?
bone graft
Ischium is
side bone
Pubis is?
the most anterior bones
between 2 pubis bone is?
pubic symphysis
between Illium and Sacrum is the?
sacroiliac joint
female coxal is ?
wider
male coxal is?
narrower
the thigh bone is called
femur
the femur anatomy?
head, neck, greater and lesser trochanters, shaft, lateral and medial condyle, lateral and medial epicondyle
what makes the joint with acetabulum (ball and socket joint)?
proximal part of femur
what makes joint with patella and tibia?
distal part of femur
greater and lesser trochanter is?
the place for muscle attachment.
the bones of the lower leg are?
tibia and fibula
the tibia is on what side?
medial side
the fibula is on what side
lateral side
what bone of the lower leg is not a weight-bearing bone?
Fibula
fibulas main function?
muscle attachment and bone graft
what bone is the shin bone?
tibia
where can the medial malleolus be found ?
distal part of tibia
where can the lateral maleolus be found?
distal part of fibula
what is the knee joint made up of?
patella, tibia, femur
how many bones is the knee joint made up of?
3 bones
what is the ankle area called?
tarsal area
how many bones are there in the tarsal area?
7 bones
which bone is the heel bone?
calcaneus
what bone is the weight-bearing bone in the tarsal area?
talus
what bone is the sole of the foot?
metatarsal bone ( 5 long bones )
how many phalanges are there in toes?
14 phalanges, each toe has three phalanges, big toe: 2 phalanges.
Articulations are also known as?
joints
Synarthrosis ?
joints with no movement ; ex: skull sutures
Amphiarthroses
joints that are slightly moveable; ex: pubis symphysis, vertebral column
Diarthroses
freely moveable joints
another name for diarthroses?
the synovial joint
lining of the synovial joint is the?
synovial membrane
function of synovial membrane?
makes synovial fluid, to lubricate the joints
hinge joints are?
180 degree movement
which joints are hinge joints?
knee joints and elbow
pivot joints are?
hole and axis ( axis goes in the hole ) , atlas and axis ; C1 and C2
Sutures of the skull are?
sagittal sutures, coronal suture, squamous suture, and lambdoid sutures.
sagittal suture ?
between two parietal bones
cornonal suture?
between frontal and parietal bones
squamous suture?
between temporal and parietal bones
lambdoidal suture?
between occipital and parietal bones
soft spots are?
fontanels, 6
at what age is the anterior fontanel present?
2 years
at age is the posterior fontanel present?
2 months
the function of muscles?
contraction to make movement, make heat 60%, and posture
tendons ?
are cordlike and connect muscles to bones.
aponeurosis?
sheet-like and connect muscle to muscle or muscle to connective bone
hierarchy of skeletal muscle:
muscle, fascicle, muscle fibers, myofibrils, myofilaments
fasicel is?
a group of muscle fibers
muscle fiber is ?
muscle cell
around the muscle fiber is?
the endomysium
around the fascicle is?
the perimysium
around the whole muscle is?
epimysium
Myofilaments are?
actin and myosin
which myofilament is thin?
actin
which myofilament is thick?
myosin
what is a sarcomere?
space between two Z-line , basic structural and functional units of skeletal muscle
what is a motor unit?
a motor neuron and all muscle fibers
physiology of contraction of skeletal fiber STEP 1
ATP from mitochondria
physiology of contraction of skeletal fiber STEP 2
Calcium release from SER
physiology of contraction of skeletal fiber STEP 3
Calcium makes brideg between actin and myosin
physiology of contraction of skeletal fiber STEP 4
two z-lines move toward each other
how many bones are there in total for the appendicular skeleton?
126 bones
what is the bursa?
sac - a wall made of synovial membrane; inside content is synovial fluid: goes in between tendon/ligaments and bone decreases friction.
the upper extremities are attached to?
pectoral girdle.
the forearm bone that forms the poiint of the elbow
ulna
the bones that articulate with clavicle
clavicle and sternum
the functional unit of the skeletal muscle is?
sarcomere
what is the space between two Z-line , basic structural and functional units of skeletal muscle
a sarcomere