Invasive means?
cut through tissues
surgery is considered as invasive
true
what is to be expected when invasive?
blood loss and fluid
hemostasis means ?
stopping the loss of blood
another term for blood loss
hemorrhage
how many minutes before hemorrhaging starts?
3-4 minutes
Ligation means?
to tie, to suture
intraoperative hemostasis may be achieved?
thermally
how does the body achieve hemostasis?
coagulation
any blood vessel damage causes?
vasoconstriction
what is vasoconstriction?
the initial reaction to any trauma reaction
who keeps track of the amount of irrigation fluids used?
surgical technologists
who weighs sponges removed from the sterile field to provide an estimate of blood?
the circulator
which congenital bleeding disorder is most common?
hemophilia
hemophilia is a?
clotting deficiency
what is acquired hemostatic disorders
disorders where you are not born with it, but acquire it
example of acquired hemostatic disorder would be?
liver disease, aplastic anemia, anticoagulant therapy with heparin or warfarin sodium
aplastic is?
pertaining to, lack of
blood has a low capacity for carrying?
oxygen.
what are used to compress the walls of vessels and to grasp tissue?
clamps
what is the most commonly used hemostatic instrument?
hemostat... its available with either straight or curved jaws.
pressure devices often used on extremities would be ?
tourniquets.
two types of fibrin glue would be?
autologous and homologous.
thermal hemostasis would include?
electrosurgery, lasers, argon plasma coagulation, ultrasonic (harmonic) scalpel
chemical hemostasis includes?
absorbable gelatin, absorbable collagen, microfibrillar collagen, oxidized cellulose, silver nitrate, epinephrine, thrombin
absorbable gelatin is also called?
gelfoam
absorbable collagen is also called?
avitene
blood products will most likely be?
homologous, or autologous
how many people should carefully identify the proper product (blood) and patient?
two individuals
what is autotransfusion?
injecting blood into yourself.
how is autotransfusion done?
done through a cell saver
what is hemolytic transfusion?
blood not properly matched, a hemolytic reaction may develop.
Type A+ can receive?
A+, A-, O+, O-
Type A+ can give?
A+, AB+
O+ can receive blood from?
A+, A-, O+, O-
O+ can give blood to
O+, A+, B+, AB+
B+ can receive blood from ?
B+, B-, O+, O-
B+ can give blood to?
B+, AB+
AB+ can receive blood from?
everyone
AB+ can give blood to?
AB+
A- can receive blood from?
A-, O-
A- can give blood to?
A+. A-, AB+, AB-
O- can receive blood from
O-
O- can give blood to?
everyone
Intentional wounds are?
chemical wounds, occlusion banding, and surgical site incision or excision.
Do unintentional wounds include?
traumatic injury, closed wounds, open wounds
open wounds are?
simple, complicated, clean, contaminated, delayed, full-thickness
contaminated wounds?
occurs when a dirty object damages the integrity of the skin.
what is irrigation and debridement?
debridement of infected and/or necrosed tissue may be necessary, followed by thorough irrigation of the wound to further clean and wash out the contaminants
what is inflammation ?
a natural response to injury or tissue deconstruction.
what is the body's protective response to injury or tissue destruction?
inflammation
inflammation function?
serves to destroy, dilute, or wall of the injured tissue.
what are the signs of inflammation?
pain, heat, redness, swelling, loss of function.
what is first intention?
primary union - the tissues approximated by surgical sutures or tapes with minimal loss of tissue.
what is second intention?
granulation - the wound is left open. granulation tissue that contains myofibroblasts forms in the wound, causing closure by contraction.
what is third intention?
delayed primary closure