Whats in the skeletal system?
bones, ligaments, joints, Cartilage
characteristics of cartilage?
hyaline
function of cartilage?
decreasing function
characteristics of ligaments?
cordlike
function of ligaments
connecting bone to bone
function of the skeletal system?
supports, movement, stores minerals like calcium, protects vital organs, makes blood cells ( red bone marrow)
what is part of the axial skeletal?
head (skull), vertebral column, bony thorax (ribs + sternum)
what is part of the appendicular skeleton?
arms, legs, pectoral girdle (shoulder), Hip (pelvis bone)
classification of the bone includes?
Density, shape
what goes under the density of the bones?
compact bones, spongy bones
compact bone is?
dense
spongy bones is?
red bone marrow
what goes under the shape of the bones?
long bones, short bones
what is considered as a long bone?
femur
what is considered as a short bone?
8 carpal bones and 7 tarsal bones
Irregular bones is considered as?
the vertebral column, pelvic bones
the flat bones are considered as
the skull, sternum, and ribs
round or sesamoid bones are considered as?
patella
gross anatomy of a long bone would be?
epiphysis, diaphysis or shaft, medullary cavity, periosteum, endosteum, articular cartilages, epiphyseal plate, epiphyseal line
where is the epiphysis located at?
the end of the long bones, the spongy bone which contains red bone marrow
where is the Diaphysis or shaft located at?
narrow and long, middle, compact bone
medullary cavity is located at?
in diaphysis, yellow bone marrow(fat )
periosteum is located at?
membrane covering bones, won't enter joints, the width of bones
periosteum function?
holds big blood vessels
endosteum is?
membrane lining medullary cavity
articular cartilage is ?
hyaline cartilage covering epiphysis and enters to joints
the epiphyseal plate is where?
line of hyaline cartilage between epiphysis and diaphysis, immature bone
epiphyseal line is found where?
line of compact bone between epiphysis and diaphysis, the mature bone
what is osteon?
the basic structure and functional units of compact bone
what is the central canal?
contains an artery, a vein, and a nerve VAN ( vein artery nerve )
what is the lamellae?
concentric rings around the central canal
what is the lacunae?
rooms in between of lamellae
what is the osteocytes?
bone cells
what is the canaliculi
small canals which are passageways of O2 and nutrients.
osteocytes include?
osteoblasts and osteoclasts
osteoblasts are?
bone making cells
osteoclasts are?
bone removing cells
to have healthy bones there needs to be?
Calcium 8-10, vitamin D, exercise
what does vitamin D do?
shifts calcium to the bones
what does exercise activate in the bones?
activates osteoblasts
PTH stands for?
parathyroid hormones
how many bones are there in the skull?
22 bones
cranial bones function?
protection of the brain
cranial bones include?
frontal bone, parietal bone, temporal bone, occipital bone, ethmoid bone, sphenoid bone.
how many bones does the frontal bone have?
1 bone
where is the frontal bone located at?
forehead
how many bones do the parietal bones have?
2 bones
where is the parietal bone located at?
top of the head.
how many bones does the temporal bone have?
2 bones
where is the temporal bone located at?
side of the head
how many bones does the occipital bone have?
1 bone
where is the occipital bone located at?
back of the head
location of both ethmoid and sphenoid bone?
the floor of the skull
how many bones does both ethmoid and sphenoid bones have?
one bone
What is the purpose of the foramen magnum
it's the passageway of the spinal cord
what is the landmark for the occipital bone?
foramen magnum
what is the landmark of the sphenoid bone?
sella turcica (pituitary gland)
ethmoid bone landmark is?
nasal septum
temporal bone
...
the styloid process is?
attachment of muscles (tongue)
external acoustic meatus is
ear canal
the mastoid process is?
...
how many facial bones are there?
14 bones
lacrimal bones is?
2 bones, inner corner of the eye
nasal bones is?
2 bones, nose
vomer bones is?
1 bone, nasal septum
inferior conchae bones is?
2 bones, inside nose
zygomatic bone ?
malar bones, cheek
maxillae is?
2 upper jaw,
mandible is?
1 largest and strongest lower jaw
palatine bone is
2 bones, roof of the mouth
Palate is the?
the roof of the mouth has 4 bones
the palate has what type of bones?
two maxillary bones, two palatine bones
the nasal septum has what type of bones
vomer bone and perpendicular plate of ethmoid
paranasal sinuses have what type of sinuses?
frontal sinus, maxillary sinuses, ethmoid sinuses, ethmoid sinuses, and sphenoid sinuses.
paranasal sinuses characteristics?
body cavities contain air, lines with mucous membrane
the function of paranasal sinus?
make the skull lighter, make the voice better, sense of smell
how many curves are there in the vertebral column (spine) ?
4 curves, has a secondary curve
how many curves does a newborn have in the vertebral column?
1 curve
how many cervical bones do we have?
7 bones in adults, 7 in children
how many thoracic bones do we have?
12 bones in adults, 12 bones in children
how many lumbar bones do we have?
5 bones in adults, 5 bones in children
how many sacral bones are there?
adults have 1, children have 5
how many coccyx (coccygeal bone) are there?
adults have 1, children have 4
what is considered as the movable vertebrae?
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx
between the bones of the vertebral column is?
intervertebral discs
Bony thorax:
...
The sternum includes?
manubrium, body, xiphoid process
the manubrium characteristic are?
jugular notch, clavicular notch, and attached to rib 1
Sternal and angle is the?
the line between the manubrium and body
the clavicular notch is?
attatchment to the clavicle bone
The body's characteristic of the sternum?
the largest part of the sternum, most of the ribs attached to the body
characteristics for xiphoid process?
cartilage and the landmark for cpr
how many pairs of ribs are there?
there are 12 pairs of ribs
what type of bones are ribs?
flat bones
true ribs are considered as?
1-7, directly sticks to the sternum
false ribs are considered as?
8-12, don't stick to sternum directly
floating ribs are considered as?
11-12, no attachment to sternum
ribs 11 and 12 are both considered as?
false and floating ribs
the cartilage the connects the ribs to the sternum is called?
costal cartilage
main purpose of the costal cartilages?
connects ribs to sternum
hyoid bone is what shape?
U shape
the hyoid bone is part of the?
larynx, the voice box
the only bone which won't articulate with any other bone is
the hyoid bone
purpose of the hyoid bone is?
attachment of the tongue, swallowing food, and to speak