Anatomy
study of the structure of the body
Physiology:
study of the function of the body
Levels of Organization:
6 in total
1. Chemical Level
2. Cellular Level:
3. Tissue Level
4. Organ Level
5. Organ system level
Chemical level is considered as the?
the lowest level of the six levels of organization
Chemical level is?
atoms and molecules
Cellular level is?
the basic and structural functions units of the body
Tissues are considered as?
a group of similar cells, get together to perform a function
Organ level is?
a group of different tissues gets together to perform a specific function.
organ system level is?
a group of different organs works together to perform the same functions.
organismal level is considered as?
the highest level of the six levels of organization
organ system level is?
body as a whole; with all organs and all systems
Integumentary system include?
skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, oil glands, and sensory receptors
Integumentary system function?
protection, temperature adjustment, vitamin D production
Skeletal system include?
bones, ligaments (connects bone to bone), cartilage (decrease friction between bone), joints
Function of skeletal system?
protection of vital organs, storage of minerals, support, blood cell production, movement for muscle
Muscular system include?
muscles (short contraction), tendons (connects muscle to bones)
function of muscular system
Movement, Heat production 60%
Nervous system include?
brain, spinal cord and nerves, sensory receptors
function of nervous system?
controls different body activities rapidly.
what is the endocrine system?
includes the endocrine gland, which release hormones directly into the blood.
function of the endocrine system?
controls different body activities slowly
Cardiovascular system includes?
heart, blood vessels
the function of the cardiovascular system?
transportation of the blood ( O2 and CO2, Nutrients, Wastes)
Lymphatic system include?
lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, thymus gland
function of lymphatic system
immunity, returns extra fluids from tissues back to the blood
The respiratory system includes?
Nose, pharynx(throat), larynx(voice box), trachea(wind pipe), bronchi, lungs
the function of the respiratory system?
Exchanges of gases (O2 and CO2), adjust blood acidity.
The digestive system includes?
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and rectum.
accessory organs are? (digestive system)
tongue, teeth, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, appendix
Function of the digestive system?
digestion (breaking down food), absorption: transportation of digestive particles into the blood
Urinary system includes?
kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
function of the urinary system?
filtering blood (removes extra water and electrolytes, wastes);, adjusts blood pressure and blood acidity
anatomical position is?
body upright, legs parallel, arms on the side with palms facing forward.
superior, cephalic, cranial means?
above
Inferior, caudal means?
below
anterior, ventral means?
in front of
posterior, dorsal means?
back of, or behind
Lateral means?
away from the midline, more on the side
medial means?
towards the middle, close to center, close to midline
intermediate means?
in between
proximal means?
closest to the insertion point, close to attachment
Distal means?
farthest from the insertion point, away from the attachment
superficial or external means?
close to surface
deep or internal means?
away from surface
cephalic is?
head
frontal is?
forehead
orbital is?
eye
nasal is?
nose
oral is?
mouth
buccal is?
cheek
mental is?
chin
occipital is?
back of the head
cervical is?
neck
axillary is?
armpit
acromial is?
top of the shoulder
brachial is?
arm
antebrachial is?
forearm
cubital is?
elbow
antecubital is?
front of elbow
olecranal is
back of the elbow
carpal is?
wrist
tarsal is?
ankle
digital is?
fingers
thoracic is?
chest
pectoral is?
chest
sternal is?
middle of the chest
coxal is?
hip
femoral is?
thigh
patellar is?
front of knee
popliteal is?
back of knee
crural is?
leg
calcaneal is?
heel
plantar ia?
sole
sural is?
calf
gluteal is?
buttock
sacral is?
triangle between buttocks
lumbar is?
lower back
sagittal plane is?
cuts body into two pieces of left and right
midsagittal plane is?
cuts the body to two equal pieces of L and R
the coronal or frontal plane is?
cuts body to two pieces of anterior and posterior
traverse plane is?
cuts body to two pieces of superior and inferior
The dorsal cavity is located at?
the back
dorsal cavity includes
brain and spinal cord
cranial cavity includes
brain
the vertebral and spinal cavity includes?
spinal cord
ventral cavity is located at?
the front
ventral cavity includes
the diaphragm
above the diaphragm includes the?
thoracic cavity
below the diaphragm is the?
abdominopelvic cavity
thoracic cavity, pectoral cavity is the?
chest
Left and Right cavity, the pleural cavity has the?
Left and Right Lungs
The Mediastinum is?
the space between the left and right lungs
The Mediastinum includes the?
heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus
Right upper quadrant includes what organs?
liver and gall bladder
Left Upper quadrant includes what organs?
stomach, spleen
Right lower quadrant includes what organs?
appendix, right ovary
Left lower quadrant includes what organs?
sigmoid colon, L ovary
what are the nine regions?
epigastric (left, right, middle)
umbilical (left, right, middle)
hypogastric (left, right, middle)
The epigastric region has what organs?
stomach, pancrease
the umbilical region has what organs
small intestines
the hypogastric region has what organs?
bladder, uterus
Homeostasis is?
balance, the ability of the body to keep the internal environment relatively the same.
Negative feed is?
balancing, if something is down, the body with bring it back up, if something is up the body will bring it back down. ( will regulate the "factor") (most common)
Positive feedback is?
Rare to happen, happens in childbirth and blood clot formation; the body will accelerate ( when something is up, it continues to go up. )