Medical Terminology Flashcards

alveolus, air sac

airway, bronchus

larynx (voice box)

lobe

mucus

nose

oxygen

pharynx (throat)

partition

pleura, rib

air, lung

lung

nose

putrefying; wall, partition

cavity

thorax, chest

trachea, windpipe

carbon dioxide

straight

incomplete

cancer

coccidoides immitis (a fungus)

combininf form for dust

bladder, sac

embolus (plug)

glottis (of the larynx)

pus

pulse

almond, tonsil

little swelling

lung disease

tny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood

gas that enters the blood through lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all body cells

a gas that is expelled from the body by the respiratory system

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the respiratory system

a physician specializing in diagnosing and treating the ear, nose, and throat

absence of oxygen

absence of vioce

absence of breathing

abnormally slow breathing

a contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles that tighten and squeeze the airway shut

repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth of the respiration: first deeply, then shallow, then not at all

difficulty producing speech sounds, usually due to hoarseness

difficult or labored breathing

bleeding from the nose

coughing up blood

a collection of blood in the pleural cavity

the abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood

condition of deficient carbon dioxide (in the blood`)

increase in depth and rate of breathing

the condition of taking abnormally fast, deep breaths

shallow or slow respiration

ventilation of the lungs that does not fulfill the body's gas exchange needs

deficient amount of oxygen in the body

low oxygen saturation of the body, not enough oxygen in the blood

the sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx

ability to breath only in an upright position

a sudden convulsion or outburst; a fit

mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and the trachea expelled through the mouth

rapid breathing

pain in the chest region

the loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get the oxygen it needs to function

episodes of breathing difficulty due to narrowed or obstructed airways

collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli

abnormal dilation of the bronchi with accumulation of mucus

inflammation of the bronchial tubes

infection of the bronchioles (smaller air-tubes in the lungs)

lung cancer; cancer originating in the bronchi

diseased state of the bronchi and lungs

permanent, destructive pulmonary disorder that is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema

diamorphic fungi that can cause systemic mycosis, endemic to Southwestern USA, California. Causes pneumonia and meningitis; can disseminate to bone and skin. Found in San Juaquin Valley or desert (desert bumps) valley fever

acute inflammation of nasal passages accompanied by profuse nasal discharge; also called a cold

inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose

an acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and barking cough

a genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems

a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness

inflammation of the epiglottis

inflammation of the larynx, or voice box

bacterial lung infection caused by the bacterium legionella pneumophila

inflammation of the nose and pharynx

an airborne bacterial infection that affects mostly children younger than 6 years. Patients will be feverish and exhibit a "whoop" sound on inspiration after a coughing attack; highly contagious through droplet infection

a throat infection, inflammation of the pharynx

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

inflammation of the pleura (also called pleurisy)

any fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs after prolonged environmental or occupational contact

an inflammation of lung tissue, where the alveoli in the affected areas fill w/ fluid

inflammatory condition of the lungs that is independent of a particular cause

air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall

fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles

occlusion in the pulmonary circulation, most often caused by a blood clot

the presence of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural membrane

lung disorder of neonates, particularly premature infants, in which certain cells of the lungs fall to mature at birth to cause lung collapse that can result in suffocation

acute respiratory failure in adults characterized by tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, and hypnoxia

severe and highly contagious viral lung infection with high fever

infection/ inflammation of the nasal sinuses

acute or chronic inflammation of the tonsils

inflammation of the trachea

abnormal narrowing of the trachea

an infectious disease that may affect almost all tissues of the body, especially the lungs

infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx

clinical test performed on sputum to identify the presence of bacteria that react to acid

surgical removal of the adenoids

medication that blocks effects of histamine released by body during allergic reactions

a test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases present

process of widening the air way

radiography of the bronchi after injection of a radiopaque substance

visual examination of the inside of the bronchi; uses an instrument called a bronchoscope

radiographic image of the thoracic cavity (chest film)

continuous (constant) positive airway pressure

placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway

a drug that breaks up mucus and promotes coughing

a common postoperative breathing therapy using a specially designed spirometer to encourage the patients to inhale and hold an inspiratory volume to exercise the lungs and prevent pulmonary complications

pressurized device that releases a "puff" of medication for inhalation, one dose at a time

removal of the voice box (larynx)

the visual examination of the larynx using a laryngoscope

surgical incision into the larynx and trachea

removal of a lobe of a lung

use of an automatic mechanical device to perform all or part of the work of breathing

device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory devices medication for giving respiratory treatment

a device that measures the oxygen saturation of the blood through the pulse

surgical puncture and aspiration of fluid from the pleural cavity

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the chest

the surgical removal of all or part of a lung

x-ray imaging of the blood vessels of the lungs after the injection of contrast material

group of tests performed to measure breathing capacity and used to determine external respiratory function; when abnormal, they are useful in distinguishing COPD from asthma

an instrument for measuring the air entering and leaving the lungs

act of reviving a person and returning them to consciousness

surgical repair of the nose

tuberculin hypersensitivity test to detect a current or past infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis

creation of an opening of the chest, usually to insert a tube

incision into the chest cavity

surgical repair of the trachea

surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck

incision into the trachea

nuclear medicine image particularly useful in diagnosing pulmonary emboli; involves inhalation of radioactive tagged air to evaluate air movement (ventilation) and injection of radioactive tagged dye into bloodstream to evaluate blood flow (perfusion) to lungs

anus

bile, gall

blind intestine, cecum

bile, gall

common bile duct

colon

bladder, sac

teeth

twelve, duodenum

small intestine

gullet, esophagus

stomach

gums

tongue

liver

to roll, ileum

jejunum (empty)

tongue

mouth

sweetbread, pancreas

digestion

peritoneum (to stretch over)

anus and rectum

pylorus

rectum

saliva

the letter s, sigmoid colon

mouth

flow

breath

eat, swallow

fat

lip

gallbladder

orange-yellow

diverticulum

stone

appetite

parotid gland

digestion

small growth

roll, turn

appendix; small structure hanging from a larger structure

feces; stool

abdomen

vagus nerve

the term for the microbes that are normally present in and on the human body; usually beneficial

without swallowing

accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

hard, slow stools that are difficult to eliminate

frequent passage of loose, watery stools

difficult digestion; indigestion

condition in which swallowing is difficult or painful

air or gas in the intestine that is passed through the anus

pain in the stomach

foul-smelling breath

very large amounds of blood in the vomit

abnormal enlargement of the liver

yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by an accumulation of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood

unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit

abnormal backward flow of material in the GI tract

fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter

an eating disorder in which an irrational fear of weight gain leads people to starve themselves

inflammation of the vermiform appendix

an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise

inflammation and cracking of the lips and corners of the mouth due to infection, allergies, or nutritional deficiency

inflammation of the gallbladder; usually associated with gallstones

inflammation of the common bile duct

condition of stones in the common bile duct

condition of gallstone

chronic degenerative disease of the liver

congenitally malformed palate with fissure along the midline

inflammation of the colon (large intestine)

a malignant tumor of the colon

adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both

a chronic autoimmune disorder that is most often found in the ileum and in the colon

the presence of a number of diverticula in the colon

abnormal side pockets in the intestinal wall

an ulcer, or erosion, in the wall of the duodenum of the small intestine

infection of the intestines resulting in severe diarrhea with the presence of blood and mucus in the feces

inflammation of the intestine (especially the small intestine)

inflammation of the esophagus caused by acid reflux

morbid softening of the esophageal wall

an illness caused by eating or drinking a food that contains a toxin or disease causing microorganism

clostridium botulinum, good poisoning

abnormal stretching or dilation of the stomach

malignant tumor of the stomach

ulcer located in the stomach

inflammation of the lining of the stomach

inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the stomach and intestines

inflammation of the stomach, small intestine, and colon all at once

backflow of contents of the stomach into the esophagus, often resulting from abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter, causing burning pain in the esophagus

glandular metaplasia of distal esophagus; due to GERD

softening of the lining of the stomach

infection by the intestinal protazoa Giardia lamblia

inflammation of the gingiva

inflammation of the tongue

a tumor arising from cells withing the liver; aka hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

hernia resulting from the protrusion of part of the stomach through the diaphragm

inflammation of the colon and small intestine

telescoping of a segment of the intestine

periodic disturbances of bowel function, such as diarrhea and/ or constipation, usually associated with abdominal pain

impaired ability to digest lactose due to reduced amounts of the enzyme lactase

inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract, especially the small intestine

malabsorption syndrome caused by an immune reaction to gluten

inflammation of the pacreas

inflammation of the parotid salavary gland

inflammation of the salivary glands, infectious or non infectious

open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum

dangerous ulcer in which gastric acids and enzymes erode the digestive tract and enter the peritoneal cavity

inflammation of the peritoneum (membrane lining the abdominal cavity and surrounding the organs within it)

abnormal condition of multiple polyps

inflammation of the rectum and anus

a drooping or prolapse of the rectum

twisting or kinking of the intestine, causing intestinal obstruction

a weak base that neutralizes stomach acid

drug that prevents or stops vomiting

agent that prevents muscle spasms

surgical removal of the appendix

surgical approach to extreme obesity, usually accomplished by stapling the stomach to create a small stomach pouch or bypassing the stomach through gastric bypass surgery

cleansing, purgin

loosens and promotes normal bowel elimination; relieves constipation (Dulcolax, Metamucil)

procedure of suturing a lip

surgical removal of the gallbladder

x-ray image of the gallbladder

an incision into the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones

the direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum

resection of the colon from cecum to rectosigmoid junction

removal of half of the colon

the surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface

mouth, opening

clinical lab test for presence of small amounts of blood in feces; also called hemoccult test or stool guaiac test

surgical removal of part or all of the stomach

oral insertion of a tube into the stomach for examination and treatment, such as to remove blood clots from the stomach or to monitor bleeding

an irrigating procedure performed on the colon to remove unwanted substances

the placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity

process of feeding a person through a nasogastric tube

visual examination of the interior of the GI tract organs

examination of the esophagus with an esophagoscope

endoscopic examination of the stomach

passage of a fiberoptic tube through the mouth and throat into the digestive tract for visualization of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine; biopsies can be performed

the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon

examination of the rectum and anus with a proctoscope

common term applied to several diagnostic techniques that provide radiographic examination of the GI tract

surgical removal of diseased gingival tissue

suture of a wound of the tongue

excision of hemorrhoids, the swollen or distended veins in the rectal region

suturing of a hernia

the surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the ileum, at the end of the small intestine, and the outside of the abdominal wall

incision into the abdominal cavity

visual examination of the abdominal cavity using an endoscope

excision or removal of a poluup

surgical repair of the pylorus region

a test that includes obtaining fecal samples, using the samples to grow microorganisms in culture, and identification of the microorganisms

cutting of certain branches of the vagus nerve, performed with gastric surgery to reduce the amount of gastric acid produced and thus reduce the recurrence of ulcers

albumin, protein

germ, bud, glomerulus

glucose, sugar

sweet, sugar

opening, passage

renal pelvis

ureter

urethra

urine

urea, nitrogen

ketone

night

protein

pus

water, fluid

stone

kidney

kidney

rip, tear

narrow

urine

sound

to cut

bladder

membrane that secretes mucus and lubricates the surface of organs and keeps them moist

study of the urinary system

study of the structure, function, and diseases of the kidneys

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the urinary system of females and the genitourinary system of males

the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements

protein (albumin) in the urine

absence of urine production

(excessive) urea and nitrogenous substances in the blood

presence of bacteria in the urine

increased output of urine

painful or difficult urination

presence of glucose in the urine

presence of blood in the urine

presence of ketone bodies in the urine

excessive urination during the night

decreased urine output

excessive production of urine

the presence of an abnormal amount of protein in the urine

presence of white cells in the urine, usually indicating infection

rapid loss of renal function due to damage to the kidneys; formerly called acute renal failure

inflammation of the urinary bladder

hernia of the urinary bladder

a stone located within the urinary bladder

final stage of chronic kidney disease that results in retention of uremic waste products and the need for renal replacement therapies; also called chronic renal failure

involuntary discharge of urine

occuring at night

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penis

abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis

inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidneys

the dilation (swelling) of one or both kidneys

inability to control bladder and/or bowels

inflammation of the kidney

tumor origination from the kidney tissue that includes developing embryonic cells

presence of stones in the kidney

kidney stones

a general term for a tumor arising from kidney tissue

abnormal enlargement of a kidney

disease of the kidney

downward displacement of a kidney

inherited disease in which sacs of fluid called cysts develop in the kidneys

an inflammation of the renal pelvis

inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney

Fibrotic narrowing of the urethra caused by scarring; or commonly a result of trauma or untreated or severe urethral infections

a stricture, or narrowing, of the junction of the ureter and bladder

presence of urinary waste in the blood

inflammation of a ureter due to bacterial infection

herniation of the ureter

presence of stones in a ureter

abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an inability to urinate

invasion of pathogenic organisms (commonly bacteria) in the urinary tract, especially the urethra and bladder; symptoms include dysuria, urinary frequency, and malaise

blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood

nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine

the surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder

radiographic image of the bladder

radiographic imaging of the bladder and the urethra

the x-ray image produced by cystourethrography

another term for urination

a procedure in which an incision is made through the urinary bladder wall to remove a stone

surgical repair of the urinary bladder

suturing of the urinary bladder

the visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope

surgical creation of an artificial opening into the urinary bladder

incision into the urinary bladder

destruction of tissue by electric sparks generated by a high-frequency current

treatment for renal failure using artificial kidney machine to filter waste from blood

urinary tract stones are crushed

breakdown of kidney stones using sound waves generated outside the body

surgical removal of a kidney

radiographic image of the kidney

surgical fixation of a floating kidney

the surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions

visual examination of kidney nephrons

process of recording the kidney using sound (ultrasonography)

the establishment of an opening from the pelvis of the kidney to the exterior of the body

dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the body

creation of an artificial opening into the renal pelvis

diagnostic procedure that images the kidney with sectional x-rays to observe internal details of kidney structure

x-ray of the renal pelvis

x-ray image of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder

x-ray of kidney following injection of dye into vein to visualize renal pelvis as kidney filters dye out of bloodstream and puts it into urine

incision into the renal pelvis to remove stones

surgical reconstruction of the renal pelvis

surgical implantation of a donor kidney into a patient with inadequate renal function

an examination that uses nuclear medicine by IV injection of radioactive material into the patient's kidneys

test performed on a urine specimen to measure the concentrating or diluting ability of the kidney

the surgical removal of a ureter

creation of an artificial opening into the ureter (ureter opening brought to the surface of the skin)

an incision into the wall of the ureter

the surgical fixation of the urethra, usually for the correction of urinary stress incontinence

the surgical repair of damage or a defect in the walls of the urethra

surgical creation of a permanent opening between the urethra and the skin

a surgical incision into the urethra for relief of a stricture

a tube inserted into the bladder through the urethra to drain urine from the bladder

passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder

use of an endoscope to view internal structures of the urinary system

surgical suspension of the urethra and bladder for correction of stress urinary incontinence