front 1 alveol/o | back 1 alveolus, air sac |
front 2 bronch/o, bronch/i | back 2 airway, bronchus |
front 3 laryng/o | back 3 larynx (voice box) |
front 4 lob/o | back 4 lobe |
front 5 muc/o | back 5 mucus |
front 6 nax/o | back 6 nose |
front 7 ox/i | back 7 oxygen |
front 8 pharyng/o | back 8 pharynx (throat) |
front 9 phragm/o, phragmat/o | back 9 partition |
front 10 pleur/o | back 10 pleura, rib |
front 11 pneum/o, pneumon/o | back 11 air, lung |
front 12 pulmon/o | back 12 lung |
front 13 rhin/o | back 13 nose |
front 14 sept/o | back 14 putrefying; wall, partition |
front 15 sinus/o | back 15 cavity |
front 16 thorac/o | back 16 thorax, chest |
front 17 trache/o | back 17 trachea, windpipe |
front 18 capn/o | back 18 carbon dioxide |
front 19 orth/o | back 19 straight |
front 20 atel/o | back 20 incomplete |
front 21 carcin/o | back 21 cancer |
front 22 coccidoid/o | back 22 coccidoides immitis (a fungus) |
front 23 coni/o | back 23 combininf form for dust |
front 24 cyst/o | back 24 bladder, sac |
front 25 embol/o | back 25 embolus (plug) |
front 26 glott/o | back 26 glottis (of the larynx) |
front 27 py/o | back 27 pus |
front 28 sphyx/o | back 28 pulse |
front 29 tonsill/o | back 29 almond, tonsil |
front 30 tubercul/o | back 30 little swelling |
front 31 legionell/o | back 31 lung disease |
front 32 alveoli | back 32 tny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood |
front 33 oxygen (O2) | back 33 gas that enters the blood through lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all body cells |
front 34 carbon dioxide (CO2) | back 34 a gas that is expelled from the body by the respiratory system |
front 35 pulmonologist | back 35 a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the respiratory system |
front 36 otolaryngologist (ENT) | back 36 a physician specializing in diagnosing and treating the ear, nose, and throat |
front 37 anoxia | back 37 absence of oxygen |
front 38 aphonia | back 38 absence of vioce |
front 39 apnea | back 39 absence of breathing |
front 40 bradypnea | back 40 abnormally slow breathing |
front 41 bronchospasm | back 41 a contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles that tighten and squeeze the airway shut |
front 42 cheyne-stokes resiration | back 42 repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth of the respiration: first deeply, then shallow, then not at all |
front 43 dysphonia | back 43 difficulty producing speech sounds, usually due to hoarseness |
front 44 dyspnea | back 44 difficult or labored breathing |
front 45 epitaxis | back 45 bleeding from the nose |
front 46 hemoptysis | back 46 coughing up blood |
front 47 hemothorax | back 47 a collection of blood in the pleural cavity |
front 48 hypercapnia | back 48 the abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood |
front 49 hypocapnia | back 49 condition of deficient carbon dioxide (in the blood`) |
front 50 hyperpnea | back 50 increase in depth and rate of breathing |
front 51 hyperventilation | back 51 the condition of taking abnormally fast, deep breaths |
front 52 hypopnea | back 52 shallow or slow respiration |
front 53 hypoventilation | back 53 ventilation of the lungs that does not fulfill the body's gas exchange needs |
front 54 hypoxemia | back 54 deficient amount of oxygen in the body |
front 55 hypoxia | back 55 low oxygen saturation of the body, not enough oxygen in the blood |
front 56 laryngospasm | back 56 the sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx |
front 57 orthopnea | back 57 ability to breath only in an upright position |
front 58 paraoxysm | back 58 a sudden convulsion or outburst; a fit |
front 59 sputum | back 59 mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and the trachea expelled through the mouth |
front 60 tachypnea | back 60 rapid breathing |
front 61 thoracalgia | back 61 pain in the chest region |
front 62 asphyxia | back 62 the loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get the oxygen it needs to function |
front 63 asthma | back 63 episodes of breathing difficulty due to narrowed or obstructed airways |
front 64 atelectasis | back 64 collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli |
front 65 bronchiectasis | back 65 abnormal dilation of the bronchi with accumulation of mucus |
front 66 bronchitis | back 66 inflammation of the bronchial tubes |
front 67 bronchiolitis | back 67 infection of the bronchioles (smaller air-tubes in the lungs) |
front 68 bronchogenic carcinoma | back 68 lung cancer; cancer originating in the bronchi |
front 69 bronchopneumonia | back 69 diseased state of the bronchi and lungs |
front 70 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | back 70 permanent, destructive pulmonary disorder that is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema |
front 71 Coccidoidiomycosis | back 71 diamorphic fungi that can cause systemic mycosis, endemic to Southwestern USA, California. Causes pneumonia and meningitis; can disseminate to bone and skin. Found in San Juaquin Valley or desert (desert bumps) valley fever |
front 72 coryza | back 72 acute inflammation of nasal passages accompanied by profuse nasal discharge; also called a cold |
front 73 rhinitis | back 73 inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose |
front 74 croup or laryngotracheobronchitis | back 74 an acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and barking cough |
front 75 cystic fibrosis (CF) | back 75 a genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems |
front 76 emphysema | back 76 a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness |
front 77 epiglotitis | back 77 inflammation of the epiglottis |
front 78 laryngitis | back 78 inflammation of the larynx, or voice box |
front 79 legionellosis | back 79 bacterial lung infection caused by the bacterium legionella pneumophila |
front 80 nasopharyngitis | back 80 inflammation of the nose and pharynx |
front 81 pertussis (whooping cough) | back 81 an airborne bacterial infection that affects mostly children younger than 6 years. Patients will be feverish and exhibit a "whoop" sound on inspiration after a coughing attack; highly contagious through droplet infection |
front 82 pharyngitis | back 82 a throat infection, inflammation of the pharynx |
front 83 pleural effusion | back 83 abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space |
front 84 pleuritis | back 84 inflammation of the pleura (also called pleurisy) |
front 85 pneumoconiosis | back 85 any fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs after prolonged environmental or occupational contact |
front 86 pneumonia | back 86 an inflammation of lung tissue, where the alveoli in the affected areas fill w/ fluid |
front 87 pneumonitis | back 87 inflammatory condition of the lungs that is independent of a particular cause |
front 88 pneumothorax | back 88 air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall |
front 89 pulmonary edema | back 89 fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles |
front 90 pulmonary embolism (PE) | back 90 occlusion in the pulmonary circulation, most often caused by a blood clot |
front 91 pyothorax, empyema | back 91 the presence of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural membrane |
front 92 neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) | back 92 lung disorder of neonates, particularly premature infants, in which certain cells of the lungs fall to mature at birth to cause lung collapse that can result in suffocation |
front 93 adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) | back 93 acute respiratory failure in adults characterized by tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, and hypnoxia |
front 94 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) | back 94 severe and highly contagious viral lung infection with high fever |
front 95 sinusitis | back 95 infection/ inflammation of the nasal sinuses |
front 96 tonsillitis | back 96 acute or chronic inflammation of the tonsils |
front 97 tracheitis | back 97 inflammation of the trachea |
front 98 tracheostenosis | back 98 abnormal narrowing of the trachea |
front 99 tuberculosis | back 99 an infectious disease that may affect almost all tissues of the body, especially the lungs |
front 100 upper respiratory infection | back 100 infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx |
front 101 acid-fast bacilli smear | back 101 clinical test performed on sputum to identify the presence of bacteria that react to acid |
front 102 adenoidectomy | back 102 surgical removal of the adenoids |
front 103 antihistamine | back 103 medication that blocks effects of histamine released by body during allergic reactions |
front 104 arterial blood gases (ABGs) | back 104 a test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases present |
front 105 bronchodilation | back 105 process of widening the air way |
front 106 bronchography | back 106 radiography of the bronchi after injection of a radiopaque substance |
front 107 bronchoscopy | back 107 visual examination of the inside of the bronchi; uses an instrument called a bronchoscope |
front 108 chest x-ray (CXR) | back 108 radiographic image of the thoracic cavity (chest film) |
front 109 CPAP | back 109 continuous (constant) positive airway pressure |
front 110 endotracheal intubation | back 110 placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway |
front 111 expectorant | back 111 a drug that breaks up mucus and promotes coughing |
front 112 incentive spirometry | back 112 a common postoperative breathing therapy using a specially designed spirometer to encourage the patients to inhale and hold an inspiratory volume to exercise the lungs and prevent pulmonary complications |
front 113 inhaler | back 113 pressurized device that releases a "puff" of medication for inhalation, one dose at a time |
front 114 laryngectomy | back 114 removal of the voice box (larynx) |
front 115 laryngoscopy | back 115 the visual examination of the larynx using a laryngoscope |
front 116 laryngotracheotomy | back 116 surgical incision into the larynx and trachea |
front 117 lobectomy | back 117 removal of a lobe of a lung |
front 118 mechanical ventilation | back 118 use of an automatic mechanical device to perform all or part of the work of breathing |
front 119 nebulizer | back 119 device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory devices medication for giving respiratory treatment |
front 120 oximetry/pulse oximeter | back 120 a device that measures the oxygen saturation of the blood through the pulse |
front 121 pleurocentesis | back 121 surgical puncture and aspiration of fluid from the pleural cavity |
front 122 thoracentesis, thoracocentesis | back 122 surgical puncture to remove fluid from the chest |
front 123 pneumonectomy | back 123 the surgical removal of all or part of a lung |
front 124 pulmonary angiography | back 124 x-ray imaging of the blood vessels of the lungs after the injection of contrast material |
front 125 pulmonary function tests (PFTs) | back 125 group of tests performed to measure breathing capacity and used to determine external respiratory function; when abnormal, they are useful in distinguishing COPD from asthma |
front 126 spirometer | back 126 an instrument for measuring the air entering and leaving the lungs |
front 127 resuscitation | back 127 act of reviving a person and returning them to consciousness |
front 128 rhinoplasty | back 128 surgical repair of the nose |
front 129 TB skin test | back 129 tuberculin hypersensitivity test to detect a current or past infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis |
front 130 thoracostomy | back 130 creation of an opening of the chest, usually to insert a tube |
front 131 thoracotomy | back 131 incision into the chest cavity |
front 132 tracheoplasty | back 132 surgical repair of the trachea |
front 133 tracheostomy | back 133 surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck |
front 134 tracheotomy | back 134 incision into the trachea |
front 135 ventilation-perfusion scan/ lung scan V/Q | back 135 nuclear medicine image particularly useful in diagnosing pulmonary emboli; involves inhalation of radioactive tagged air to evaluate air movement (ventilation) and injection of radioactive tagged dye into bloodstream to evaluate blood flow (perfusion) to lungs |
front 136 an/o | back 136 anus |
front 137 bil/i | back 137 bile, gall |
front 138 cec/o | back 138 blind intestine, cecum |
front 139 chol/e | back 139 bile, gall |
front 140 choledoch/o | back 140 common bile duct |
front 141 col/o, colon/o | back 141 colon |
front 142 cyst/o | back 142 bladder, sac |
front 143 dent/o | back 143 teeth |
front 144 duoden/o | back 144 twelve, duodenum |
front 145 enter/o | back 145 small intestine |
front 146 esophag/e, esophag/o | back 146 gullet, esophagus |
front 147 gastr/o | back 147 stomach |
front 148 gingiv/o | back 148 gums |
front 149 gloss/o | back 149 tongue |
front 150 hepat/o | back 150 liver |
front 151 ile/o | back 151 to roll, ileum |
front 152 jejun/o | back 152 jejunum (empty) |
front 153 lingu/o | back 153 tongue |
front 154 or/o | back 154 mouth |
front 155 pancreat/o | back 155 sweetbread, pancreas |
front 156 peps/o, pept/o | back 156 digestion |
front 157 peritone/o, periton/o | back 157 peritoneum (to stretch over) |
front 158 proct/o | back 158 anus and rectum |
front 159 pylor/o | back 159 pylorus |
front 160 rect/o | back 160 rectum |
front 161 sial/o | back 161 saliva |
front 162 sigm/o | back 162 the letter s, sigmoid colon |
front 163 stomat/o | back 163 mouth |
front 164 flux/o | back 164 flow |
front 165 halit/o | back 165 breath |
front 166 phag/o | back 166 eat, swallow |
front 167 steat/o | back 167 fat |
front 168 cheil/o | back 168 lip |
front 169 cholecyst/o | back 169 gallbladder |
front 170 cirrh/o | back 170 orange-yellow |
front 171 diverticul/o | back 171 diverticulum |
front 172 lith/o | back 172 stone |
front 173 orex/o | back 173 appetite |
front 174 parot/o | back 174 parotid gland |
front 175 pept/o | back 175 digestion |
front 176 polyp/o | back 176 small growth |
front 177 volv/p | back 177 roll, turn |
front 178 appendic/o, append/o | back 178 appendix; small structure hanging from a larger structure |
front 179 fec/o | back 179 feces; stool |
front 180 lapar/o | back 180 abdomen |
front 181 vag/o | back 181 vagus nerve |
front 182 microbiota | back 182 the term for the microbes that are normally present in and on the human body; usually beneficial |
front 183 aphagia | back 183 without swallowing |
front 184 ascites | back 184 accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
front 185 constipation | back 185 hard, slow stools that are difficult to eliminate |
front 186 diarrhea | back 186 frequent passage of loose, watery stools |
front 187 dyspepsia | back 187 difficult digestion; indigestion |
front 188 dysphagia | back 188 condition in which swallowing is difficult or painful |
front 189 flatus; flatulence | back 189 air or gas in the intestine that is passed through the anus |
front 190 gastrodynia | back 190 pain in the stomach |
front 191 halitosis | back 191 foul-smelling breath |
front 192 hematemesis | back 192 very large amounds of blood in the vomit |
front 193 hematomegaly | back 193 abnormal enlargement of the liver |
front 194 jaundice | back 194 yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by an accumulation of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood |
front 195 nausea | back 195 unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit |
front 196 reflux | back 196 abnormal backward flow of material in the GI tract |
front 197 steatorrhea | back 197 fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter |
front 198 anorexia nervosa | back 198 an eating disorder in which an irrational fear of weight gain leads people to starve themselves |
front 199 appendicitis | back 199 inflammation of the vermiform appendix |
front 200 bulimia | back 200 an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise |
front 201 cheilitis | back 201 inflammation and cracking of the lips and corners of the mouth due to infection, allergies, or nutritional deficiency |
front 202 cholecystitis | back 202 inflammation of the gallbladder; usually associated with gallstones |
front 203 choledochitis | back 203 inflammation of the common bile duct |
front 204 choledocholithiasis | back 204 condition of stones in the common bile duct |
front 205 cholethiasis | back 205 condition of gallstone |
front 206 cirrhosis | back 206 chronic degenerative disease of the liver |
front 207 cleft palate | back 207 congenitally malformed palate with fissure along the midline |
front 208 colitis | back 208 inflammation of the colon (large intestine) |
front 209 colon cancer | back 209 a malignant tumor of the colon |
front 210 colorectal cancer | back 210 adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both |
front 211 Crohn's disease | back 211 a chronic autoimmune disorder that is most often found in the ileum and in the colon |
front 212 diverticulosis | back 212 the presence of a number of diverticula in the colon |
front 213 diverticula | back 213 abnormal side pockets in the intestinal wall |
front 214 duodenal ulcer | back 214 an ulcer, or erosion, in the wall of the duodenum of the small intestine |
front 215 dysentry | back 215 infection of the intestines resulting in severe diarrhea with the presence of blood and mucus in the feces |
front 216 enteritis | back 216 inflammation of the intestine (especially the small intestine) |
front 217 esophagitis | back 217 inflammation of the esophagus caused by acid reflux |
front 218 esophagomalacia | back 218 morbid softening of the esophageal wall |
front 219 food borne illness | back 219 an illness caused by eating or drinking a food that contains a toxin or disease causing microorganism |
front 220 botulism | back 220 clostridium botulinum, good poisoning |
front 221 gastrectasis | back 221 abnormal stretching or dilation of the stomach |
front 222 gastric cancer | back 222 malignant tumor of the stomach |
front 223 gastric ulcer | back 223 ulcer located in the stomach |
front 224 gastritis | back 224 inflammation of the lining of the stomach |
front 225 gastroenteritis | back 225 inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the stomach and intestines |
front 226 gastroenterocolitis | back 226 inflammation of the stomach, small intestine, and colon all at once |
front 227 gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | back 227 backflow of contents of the stomach into the esophagus, often resulting from abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter, causing burning pain in the esophagus |
front 228 Barretts's esophagus | back 228 glandular metaplasia of distal esophagus; due to GERD |
front 229 gastromalacia | back 229 softening of the lining of the stomach |
front 230 Giarddiasis | back 230 infection by the intestinal protazoa Giardia lamblia |
front 231 gingivitis | back 231 inflammation of the gingiva |
front 232 glossitis | back 232 inflammation of the tongue |
front 233 malignant hematoma | back 233 a tumor arising from cells withing the liver; aka hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) |
front 234 hiatal hernia | back 234 hernia resulting from the protrusion of part of the stomach through the diaphragm |
front 235 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) | back 235 inflammation of the colon and small intestine |
front 236 intussusception | back 236 telescoping of a segment of the intestine |
front 237 irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | back 237 periodic disturbances of bowel function, such as diarrhea and/ or constipation, usually associated with abdominal pain |
front 238 lactose intolerance (LI) | back 238 impaired ability to digest lactose due to reduced amounts of the enzyme lactase |
front 239 malabsorption syndrome | back 239 inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract, especially the small intestine |
front 240 celiac disease | back 240 malabsorption syndrome caused by an immune reaction to gluten |
front 241 pancreatitis | back 241 inflammation of the pacreas |
front 242 parotitis | back 242 inflammation of the parotid salavary gland |
front 243 sialadenItits | back 243 inflammation of the salivary glands, infectious or non infectious |
front 244 peptic ulcer | back 244 open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum |
front 245 perforated ulcer | back 245 dangerous ulcer in which gastric acids and enzymes erode the digestive tract and enter the peritoneal cavity |
front 246 peritonitis | back 246 inflammation of the peritoneum (membrane lining the abdominal cavity and surrounding the organs within it) |
front 247 polyposis | back 247 abnormal condition of multiple polyps |
front 248 proctitis | back 248 inflammation of the rectum and anus |
front 249 proctoptosis | back 249 a drooping or prolapse of the rectum |
front 250 volvulus | back 250 twisting or kinking of the intestine, causing intestinal obstruction |
front 251 antacid | back 251 a weak base that neutralizes stomach acid |
front 252 antiemetic | back 252 drug that prevents or stops vomiting |
front 253 antispasmodic | back 253 agent that prevents muscle spasms |
front 254 appendectomy | back 254 surgical removal of the appendix |
front 255 bariatric surgery | back 255 surgical approach to extreme obesity, usually accomplished by stapling the stomach to create a small stomach pouch or bypassing the stomach through gastric bypass surgery |
front 256 cathartic | back 256 cleansing, purgin |
front 257 laxative | back 257 loosens and promotes normal bowel elimination; relieves constipation (Dulcolax, Metamucil) |
front 258 cheilorrhaphy | back 258 procedure of suturing a lip |
front 259 cholecystectomy | back 259 surgical removal of the gallbladder |
front 260 cholecystogram | back 260 x-ray image of the gallbladder |
front 261 choledocholithotomy | back 261 an incision into the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones |
front 262 colonoscopy | back 262 the direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum |
front 263 total colectomy, bowel resection | back 263 resection of the colon from cecum to rectosigmoid junction |
front 264 hemicolectomy | back 264 removal of half of the colon |
front 265 colostomy | back 265 the surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface |
front 266 stoma | back 266 mouth, opening |
front 267 fecal occult blood test (FOBT) | back 267 clinical lab test for presence of small amounts of blood in feces; also called hemoccult test or stool guaiac test |
front 268 gastrectomy | back 268 surgical removal of part or all of the stomach |
front 269 gastric lavage | back 269 oral insertion of a tube into the stomach for examination and treatment, such as to remove blood clots from the stomach or to monitor bleeding |
front 270 colonic irrigation | back 270 an irrigating procedure performed on the colon to remove unwanted substances |
front 271 enema | back 271 the placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity |
front 272 gavage | back 272 process of feeding a person through a nasogastric tube |
front 273 GI endoscope | back 273 visual examination of the interior of the GI tract organs |
front 274 esophagoscopy | back 274 examination of the esophagus with an esophagoscope |
front 275 gastroscopy | back 275 endoscopic examination of the stomach |
front 276 esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) | back 276 passage of a fiberoptic tube through the mouth and throat into the digestive tract for visualization of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine; biopsies can be performed |
front 277 sigmoidoscopy | back 277 the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon |
front 278 proctoscopy | back 278 examination of the rectum and anus with a proctoscope |
front 279 GI series | back 279 common term applied to several diagnostic techniques that provide radiographic examination of the GI tract |
front 280 gingivectomy | back 280 surgical removal of diseased gingival tissue |
front 281 glossorrhaphy | back 281 suture of a wound of the tongue |
front 282 hemorrhoidectomy | back 282 excision of hemorrhoids, the swollen or distended veins in the rectal region |
front 283 hernoirrhaphy | back 283 suturing of a hernia |
front 284 ileostomy | back 284 the surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the ileum, at the end of the small intestine, and the outside of the abdominal wall |
front 285 laparotomy | back 285 incision into the abdominal cavity |
front 286 laparoscopy | back 286 visual examination of the abdominal cavity using an endoscope |
front 287 polypectomy | back 287 excision or removal of a poluup |
front 288 pyloroplasty | back 288 surgical repair of the pylorus region |
front 289 stool culture and sensitivity (C&S) | back 289 a test that includes obtaining fecal samples, using the samples to grow microorganisms in culture, and identification of the microorganisms |
front 290 vagotomy | back 290 cutting of certain branches of the vagus nerve, performed with gastric surgery to reduce the amount of gastric acid produced and thus reduce the recurrence of ulcers |
front 291 albumin/o | back 291 albumin, protein |
front 292 blast/o | back 292 germ, bud, glomerulus |
front 293 gluc/o | back 293 glucose, sugar |
front 294 glyc/o, glycos/o | back 294 sweet, sugar |
front 295 meat/o | back 295 opening, passage |
front 296 pyel/o | back 296 renal pelvis |
front 297 ureter/o | back 297 ureter |
front 298 urethr/o | back 298 urethra |
front 299 ur/o, urin/o | back 299 urine |
front 300 azot/o | back 300 urea, nitrogen |
front 301 ket/o, keton/o | back 301 ketone |
front 302 noct/o | back 302 night |
front 303 protein/o | back 303 protein |
front 304 py/o | back 304 pus |
front 305 hydr/o | back 305 water, fluid |
front 306 lith/o | back 306 stone |
front 307 nephr/o | back 307 kidney |
front 308 ren/o | back 308 kidney |
front 309 spadias/o | back 309 rip, tear |
front 310 sten/o | back 310 narrow |
front 311 ur/o | back 311 urine |
front 312 son/o | back 312 sound |
front 313 tom/o | back 313 to cut |
front 314 vesic/o | back 314 bladder |
front 315 mucous membrane | back 315 membrane that secretes mucus and lubricates the surface of organs and keeps them moist |
front 316 urology | back 316 study of the urinary system |
front 317 nephrology | back 317 study of the structure, function, and diseases of the kidneys |
front 318 urologist | back 318 a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the urinary system of females and the genitourinary system of males |
front 319 urinalysis (UA) | back 319 the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements |
front 320 albuminuria | back 320 protein (albumin) in the urine |
front 321 anuria | back 321 absence of urine production |
front 322 azotemia | back 322 (excessive) urea and nitrogenous substances in the blood |
front 323 bacteriuria | back 323 presence of bacteria in the urine |
front 324 diuresis | back 324 increased output of urine |
front 325 dysuria | back 325 painful or difficult urination |
front 326 glycosuria | back 326 presence of glucose in the urine |
front 327 hematuria | back 327 presence of blood in the urine |
front 328 ketonuria | back 328 presence of ketone bodies in the urine |
front 329 nocturia | back 329 excessive urination during the night |
front 330 oliguria | back 330 decreased urine output |
front 331 polyuria | back 331 excessive production of urine |
front 332 proteinuria | back 332 the presence of an abnormal amount of protein in the urine |
front 333 pyuria | back 333 presence of white cells in the urine, usually indicating infection |
front 334 acute kidney injury (AKI) | back 334 rapid loss of renal function due to damage to the kidneys; formerly called acute renal failure |
front 335 cystitis | back 335 inflammation of the urinary bladder |
front 336 cystocele | back 336 hernia of the urinary bladder |
front 337 cystolith | back 337 a stone located within the urinary bladder |
front 338 end-stage kidney disease (ESKD)/ renal failure | back 338 final stage of chronic kidney disease that results in retention of uremic waste products and the need for renal replacement therapies; also called chronic renal failure |
front 339 enuresis | back 339 involuntary discharge of urine |
front 340 nocturnal | back 340 occuring at night |
front 341 espispadias | back 341 congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penis |
front 342 hypospadias | back 342 abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis |
front 343 glomerulonephritis | back 343 inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidneys |
front 344 hydronephrosis | back 344 the dilation (swelling) of one or both kidneys |
front 345 incontinence | back 345 inability to control bladder and/or bowels |
front 346 nephritis | back 346 inflammation of the kidney |
front 347 nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) | back 347 tumor origination from the kidney tissue that includes developing embryonic cells |
front 348 nephrolithiasis | back 348 presence of stones in the kidney |
front 349 renal calculi | back 349 kidney stones |
front 350 nephroma | back 350 a general term for a tumor arising from kidney tissue |
front 351 nehromegaly | back 351 abnormal enlargement of a kidney |
front 352 nephropathy | back 352 disease of the kidney |
front 353 nephroptosis | back 353 downward displacement of a kidney |
front 354 polycystic kidney disease (PKD) | back 354 inherited disease in which sacs of fluid called cysts develop in the kidneys |
front 355 pyelitis | back 355 an inflammation of the renal pelvis |
front 356 pyelonephritis | back 356 inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney |
front 357 urethral strictures | back 357 Fibrotic narrowing of the urethra caused by scarring; or commonly a result of trauma or untreated or severe urethral infections |
front 358 ureterovesical stricture | back 358 a stricture, or narrowing, of the junction of the ureter and bladder |
front 359 uremia | back 359 presence of urinary waste in the blood |
front 360 ureteritis | back 360 inflammation of a ureter due to bacterial infection |
front 361 ureterocele | back 361 herniation of the ureter |
front 362 ureterolithiasis | back 362 presence of stones in a ureter |
front 363 urinary retention | back 363 abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an inability to urinate |
front 364 urinary tract infection (UTI) | back 364 invasion of pathogenic organisms (commonly bacteria) in the urinary tract, especially the urethra and bladder; symptoms include dysuria, urinary frequency, and malaise |
front 365 blood urea nitrogen (BUN) | back 365 blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood |
front 366 creatinine | back 366 nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine |
front 367 cystectomy | back 367 the surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder |
front 368 cystogram | back 368 radiographic image of the bladder |
front 369 cystourethrography | back 369 radiographic imaging of the bladder and the urethra |
front 370 cystourethrogram | back 370 the x-ray image produced by cystourethrography |
front 371 voiding | back 371 another term for urination |
front 372 cystolithotomy | back 372 a procedure in which an incision is made through the urinary bladder wall to remove a stone |
front 373 cystoplasty | back 373 surgical repair of the urinary bladder |
front 374 cystorrhaphy | back 374 suturing of the urinary bladder |
front 375 cystoscopy | back 375 the visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope |
front 376 cystostomy | back 376 surgical creation of an artificial opening into the urinary bladder |
front 377 cystotomy | back 377 incision into the urinary bladder |
front 378 fulguration | back 378 destruction of tissue by electric sparks generated by a high-frequency current |
front 379 hemodialysis (HD) | back 379 treatment for renal failure using artificial kidney machine to filter waste from blood |
front 380 lithotripsy | back 380 urinary tract stones are crushed |
front 381 extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) | back 381 breakdown of kidney stones using sound waves generated outside the body |
front 382 nephrectomy | back 382 surgical removal of a kidney |
front 383 nephrogram | back 383 radiographic image of the kidney |
front 384 nephropexy | back 384 surgical fixation of a floating kidney |
front 385 nephrolysis | back 385 the surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions |
front 386 nephroscopy | back 386 visual examination of kidney nephrons |
front 387 nephrosonography | back 387 process of recording the kidney using sound (ultrasonography) |
front 388 nephrostomy | back 388 the establishment of an opening from the pelvis of the kidney to the exterior of the body |
front 389 peritoneal dialysis | back 389 dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the body |
front 390 pyelostomy | back 390 creation of an artificial opening into the renal pelvis |
front 391 nephrotomogram | back 391 diagnostic procedure that images the kidney with sectional x-rays to observe internal details of kidney structure |
front 392 pyelogram | back 392 x-ray of the renal pelvis |
front 393 retrograde pyelogram (RP) | back 393 x-ray image of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder |
front 394 intravenous pyelogram (IVP) | back 394 x-ray of kidney following injection of dye into vein to visualize renal pelvis as kidney filters dye out of bloodstream and puts it into urine |
front 395 pyelolithotomy | back 395 incision into the renal pelvis to remove stones |
front 396 pyeloplasty | back 396 surgical reconstruction of the renal pelvis |
front 397 renal transplant | back 397 surgical implantation of a donor kidney into a patient with inadequate renal function |
front 398 renography | back 398 an examination that uses nuclear medicine by IV injection of radioactive material into the patient's kidneys |
front 399 specific gravity (SG) | back 399 test performed on a urine specimen to measure the concentrating or diluting ability of the kidney |
front 400 ureterectomy | back 400 the surgical removal of a ureter |
front 401 ureterostomy | back 401 creation of an artificial opening into the ureter (ureter opening brought to the surface of the skin) |
front 402 ureterotomy | back 402 an incision into the wall of the ureter |
front 403 urethropexy | back 403 the surgical fixation of the urethra, usually for the correction of urinary stress incontinence |
front 404 urethroplasty | back 404 the surgical repair of damage or a defect in the walls of the urethra |
front 405 urethrostomy | back 405 surgical creation of a permanent opening between the urethra and the skin |
front 406 urethrotomy | back 406 a surgical incision into the urethra for relief of a stricture |
front 407 urinary catheter | back 407 a tube inserted into the bladder through the urethra to drain urine from the bladder |
front 408 urinary catheterization | back 408 passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder |
front 409 urinary endoscopy | back 409 use of an endoscope to view internal structures of the urinary system |
front 410 vesicourethral suspension | back 410 surgical suspension of the urethra and bladder for correction of stress urinary incontinence |