chapter 2-5 sociology Flashcards

total way of life shared by members of a community, includes language, values and symbolic meanings, technology and material objects

language, values, rules and knowledge shared by a society

physical objects a society produces, such as tools, streetsm sculptures and toys

what does material objects depend on?

cultural perspective is what?

cultural patterns evolve to provide solutions to recurrent problems

each cultural trait be evaluated in the context of its own culture

people learn culture as they use it, they change it. culture depends on language, some aspects deliberately produced

carriers of culture

the ability to communicate in symbols (orally, manual sign, writing)

shared ideas about desirable goals

tenderness/cooperation, toughness/competition

shared rules of conduct that specify how people ought to think

norms associated with fairly strong ideas of right or wrong, they carry a moral connotation

mores that are enforced and sanctioned by the authority of the government

one part of a culture changes more rapidly than another

refers to disconcerting and unpleasant experiences that can occur when individuals encounter a different culture

process of learning to view ourselves as we think others view us

our sense of who we are as individuals

we imagine how we appear to others, we imagine how others judge us based on those appearances, we ponder, internalize or reject these judgements

process of learning how others important to us see the world and gradually adopting their perspectives

individuals with whom we have close personal relationships

combines the expectations of all with whom we interact

all individuals, groups, and media that teach social norms

learning the rules, practices, values necessary for participation in culture and society

family, peers, school, mass media, religion, community

most important socialization agent

individuals who share a similar age and social status

transmits societies central values

forms of communication designed to teach broad audiences

source of individual direction

people who share a common space and sense of connection to it, share a sense of common identity

examples of mass media

personality development and role learning

told learning that prepares us for future roles

anticipatory socialization example

role learning that provides knowledge and cultural understand of a profession

professional socialization example

replace previously learned values and behaviors with new ones

resocialization

facilities in which all aspects of our life are strictly controlled for the purposes of radical resocialization

examples of total institutions

a position in a group relative to others

one that a person can obtain during a lifetime

one that is fixed by birth or inheritance and is assume to be unalterable

combination of all statuses held by an individual

refers to the ways individuals interact with others in everyday face to face situations

occurs when incompatible role demands develop within a single status

occurs when individuals hold statuses that place incompatible demands on them

enduring social structure that meets basic human needs

family, economy, government, education, religion

care for dependents and raise children

to produce and distribute goods

to provide community coordination, services, and defense

to teach new generations

to supply answers about the unknown or unknowable

the study of relationships, how they begin, function, change and effect us

exchange, cooperation, competition and conflict

forms of interaction through which people relate to one another

voluntary trade of tangible or intangible benefits

expectation that people will return favors and strive to maintain a balance of obligation in social relationships

interaction that occurs when people work together to achieve shared goals

struggle over scarce resources that is regulated by shared rules

struggle over scarce resources that is not regulated by shared rules, include attempts to destroy, injure or neutralize ones rivals

2 or more people who interact on the basis of shared social structure and who acknowledge their mutual dependency

a group with 2 members

group with 3 members

groups that individuals compare themselves to regularly

groups characterized by intimate, face to face interactions

groups that are formal, large and impersonal

primary groups relationships are

primary purpose of primary groups

primary purpose of secondary groups

social structure of a primary group is

interaction is affected by group

which communication pattern is ideal

trying to fit in with a group

the process through which group members opinion become more similar over time

pressures to agree are strong enough to stifle critical thinking