front 1 total way of life shared by members of a community, includes language, values and symbolic meanings, technology and material objects | back 1 culture |
front 2 language, values, rules and knowledge shared by a society | back 2 nonmaterial culture |
front 3 physical objects a society produces, such as tools, streetsm sculptures and toys | back 3 material culture |
front 4 what does material objects depend on? | back 4 nonmaterial culture for meaning |
front 5 cultural perspective is what? | back 5 problem solving, relative and a social product |
front 6 cultural patterns evolve to provide solutions to recurrent problems | back 6 problem solving |
front 7 each cultural trait be evaluated in the context of its own culture | back 7 cultural relativity |
front 8 people learn culture as they use it, they change it. culture depends on language, some aspects deliberately produced | back 8 a social product |
front 9 carriers of culture | back 9 language, values, norms |
front 10 the ability to communicate in symbols (orally, manual sign, writing) | back 10 language |
front 11 shared ideas about desirable goals | back 11 values |
front 12 tenderness/cooperation, toughness/competition | back 12 group values |
front 13 shared rules of conduct that specify how people ought to think | back 13 norms |
front 14 norms associated with fairly strong ideas of right or wrong, they carry a moral connotation | back 14 mores |
front 15 mores that are enforced and sanctioned by the authority of the government | back 15 laws |
front 16 one part of a culture changes more rapidly than another | back 16 cultural lag |
front 17 refers to disconcerting and unpleasant experiences that can occur when individuals encounter a different culture | back 17 culture shock |
front 18 process of learning to view ourselves as we think others view us | back 18 looking glass self |
front 19 our sense of who we are as individuals | back 19 self concept |
front 20 we imagine how we appear to others, we imagine how others judge us based on those appearances, we ponder, internalize or reject these judgements | back 20 3 concepts of looking glass self |
front 21 process of learning how others important to us see the world and gradually adopting their perspectives | back 21 role taking |
front 22 individuals with whom we have close personal relationships | back 22 significant others |
front 23 combines the expectations of all with whom we interact | back 23 generalized other |
front 24 all individuals, groups, and media that teach social norms | back 24 agents of socialization |
front 25 learning the rules, practices, values necessary for participation in culture and society | back 25 socialization |
front 26 family, peers, school, mass media, religion, community | back 26 6 agents of socialization |
front 27 most important socialization agent | back 27 family |
front 28 individuals who share a similar age and social status | back 28 peers |
front 29 transmits societies central values | back 29 school |
front 30 forms of communication designed to teach broad audiences | back 30 mass media |
front 31 source of individual direction | back 31 religion |
front 32 people who share a common space and sense of connection to it, share a sense of common identity | back 32 community |
front 33 examples of mass media | back 33 tv, films, websites, podcasts |
front 34 personality development and role learning | back 34 childhood (PRIMARY SOCIALIZATION) |
front 35 told learning that prepares us for future roles | back 35 adolescence (ANTICIPATORY SOCIALIZATION) |
front 36 anticipatory socialization example | back 36 playing doctor with medical kit |
front 37 role learning that provides knowledge and cultural understand of a profession | back 37 adulthood (PROFESSIONAL SOCIALIZATION) |
front 38 professional socialization example | back 38 laaw professors teach to analyze cases and to compete |
front 39 replace previously learned values and behaviors with new ones | back 39 resocialization |
front 40 resocialization | back 40 occurs when we abandon our self concept and way of life for a radically different one (often against our will) |
front 41 facilities in which all aspects of our life are strictly controlled for the purposes of radical resocialization | back 41 total institutions |
front 42 examples of total institutions | back 42 monasteries, prisons, boot camps, mental hospitals |
front 43 a position in a group relative to others | back 43 status |
front 44 one that a person can obtain during a lifetime | back 44 achieved status |
front 45 one that is fixed by birth or inheritance and is assume to be unalterable | back 45 ascribed status |
front 46 combination of all statuses held by an individual | back 46 status set |
front 47 refers to the ways individuals interact with others in everyday face to face situations | back 47 social interaction |
front 48 occurs when incompatible role demands develop within a single status | back 48 role strain |
front 49 occurs when individuals hold statuses that place incompatible demands on them | back 49 role conflict |
front 50 enduring social structure that meets basic human needs | back 50 institution |
front 51 family, economy, government, education, religion | back 51 5 basic institutions |
front 52 care for dependents and raise children | back 52 the family |
front 53 to produce and distribute goods | back 53 the economy |
front 54 to provide community coordination, services, and defense | back 54 the government |
front 55 to teach new generations | back 55 education |
front 56 to supply answers about the unknown or unknowable | back 56 religion |
front 57 the study of relationships, how they begin, function, change and effect us | back 57 human relationships, central to sociology |
front 58 exchange, cooperation, competition and conflict | back 58 apart of social processes |
front 59 forms of interaction through which people relate to one another | back 59 social processes |
front 60 voluntary trade of tangible or intangible benefits | back 60 exhange |
front 61 expectation that people will return favors and strive to maintain a balance of obligation in social relationships | back 61 norm of reciprocity |
front 62 interaction that occurs when people work together to achieve shared goals | back 62 cooperation |
front 63 struggle over scarce resources that is regulated by shared rules | back 63 competition |
front 64 struggle over scarce resources that is not regulated by shared rules, include attempts to destroy, injure or neutralize ones rivals | back 64 conflict |
front 65 2 or more people who interact on the basis of shared social structure and who acknowledge their mutual dependency | back 65 group |
front 66 a group with 2 members | back 66 dyad |
front 67 group with 3 members | back 67 triad |
front 68 groups that individuals compare themselves to regularly | back 68 reference groups |
front 69 groups characterized by intimate, face to face interactions | back 69 primary groups |
front 70 groups that are formal, large and impersonal | back 70 secondary groups |
front 71 primary groups relationships are | back 71 personal and intimate |
front 72 primary purpose of primary groups | back 72 meet expressive needs, provide support and social integration |
front 73 primary purpose of secondary groups | back 73 meet instrumental goals, accomplish specific tasks |
front 74 social structure of a primary group is | back 74 informal |
front 75 interaction is affected by group | back 75 size, physical proximity, communication patterns and cohesion |
front 76 which communication pattern is ideal | back 76 all-channel |
front 77 trying to fit in with a group | back 77 group conformity |
front 78 the process through which group members opinion become more similar over time | back 78 choice shifts |
front 79 pressures to agree are strong enough to stifle critical thinking | back 79 groupthink |