Pelvis & Ant/Pos Gluteal Region Flashcards

ring shaped bones connecting the vertebral column to the femurs, structurally stable, gender differences

bearing load upper body & transfers to lower body, provide muscle attachments for walking/posture/abdominal wall, protects viscera/support for pregnancy/attachment site for genitalia/forms pelvic floor

inlet larger & more circular, shallower and bones lighter, hip bones flare wider, sacrum is shorter/less curved, pubic arch more rounded with greater angle

>125 degrees

<125 degrees

articulation of the auricular (ear-shaped) surfaces of sacrum and ilium, SYNOVIAL JOINT (ANTERIOR) & SYNDESMOSIS JOINT (POSTERIOR)

slight gliding and rotary movements, little mobility secondary to interlocking of bones & thick surrounding ligaments, transmits weight of body to hip joints

separates gluteus maximus from greater trochanter

separates the iliotibial tract from superior part of proximal attachment of vastus lateralis

separates inferior part of gluteus maximus from ischial tuberosity; often absent

most superficial gluteal muscle, largest muscle in group with coarsest fibers, pads ischial tuberosities when hips are extended/not flexed, you do not sit on this!!! fibrous fatty tissue and ischial bursa lie between ischial tuberosity and skin when the thigh is in a position of flexion

ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament

most fibers end in iliotibial tract that inserts into lateral tibial condyle; some fibers insert on gluteal tuberosity

inferior gluteal nerve

extends thigh (esp. flexed position), assists in lateral rotation, extends hip relative to trunk or trunk relative to hip when force required, PROVIDES STABILITY because of attachment to ITB

both fan shaped, share same fiber direction, action, and nerve supply

external surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur

superior gluteal nerve

external surface of ilium between ANTERIOR and INFERIOR gluteal lines

anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur

superior gluteal nerve

powerful abductor, medially rotate thigh, keeps pelvis level when opposite leg is raised

actions of the gluteus medius & minimus are essential to normal gait as they prevent contralateral hip drop

sciatic N exits below it, gluteal N and vessels emerge superior and inferior to the muscle, located partly within pelvis and exits pelvis via greater sciatic foramen

laterally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh, steadies femoral head in acetabalum

superior gemellus, obturator internus, inferior gemellus

all share a common distal attachment, collective muscle is located between piriformis and quadratus femoris

pelvic surface of obturator membrane & surrounding bones

medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa)

N to obturator internus (L5,S1)

ischial spine

ischial tuberosity

N to quadratus femoris (L5,S1)

laterally rotate extended thigh, abduct flexed thigh, steady the femoral head in acetabalum

short/flat rectangular muscle, inferior tot obturator internus & gemelli, laterally rotates thigh, steadies femoral head in acetabalum

located on external surface of obturator membrane, grouped with medial thigh muscles, lies ANTERIOR to deep gluteal muscles, laterally rotates thigh & steadies femoral head in acetabalum (similar to deep gluteal muscles)

anterior surface of sacrum and sacotuberous ligament

superior border of greater trochanter of femur

branches ventral rami S1 & S2

lateral border of ischial tuberosity

quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest & inferior to it

N to quadratus femoris (L5 & S1)

obturator foramen and membrane

trochanteric fossa of femur

Obturator N (L3-L4)

formed by ventral rami L1-L4, located on posterior abdominal wall, revealed by removal of psoas muscles, anterior and posterior divisions

obturator N (L2-L4), femoral N (L2-L4), lumbosacral trunk (L4-L5)

innervates hip adductors & obturator externus

innervates hip flexors and knee extensors

travels along the wing of the sacrum and descends into pelvis to contribute to sacral plexus

formed by ventral rami L4-S4, lumbosacral (L4-L5) contributes, located near anterior surface of piriformis, most branches exit through greater sciatic foramen

superficial gluteal nerves and deep gluteal nerves

All these nerves are branches of the sacral plexus and exit through the greater sciatic foramen. All emerge inferior to piriformis with exception of superior gluteal nerve.

supply most of the skin in the gluteal region

provide both skin and motor innervation

sciatic nerve, superior gluteal nerve, inferior gluteal nerve, nerve to quadratus femoris, nerve to obturator internus

largest nerve in the body, forms greatest part of sacral plexus, exits greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis, most lateral structure emerging inferior to piriformis, supplies no innervation to structures in gluteal region

comprised of tibial nerve and common fibular nerve which are loosely bound by a sheath, splits approximately 1/2 down the thigh

12% of population suffers from it, common fibular nerve pierces the piriformis which may entrap it...

symptoms include pain in the buttocks and history may include trauma or hypertrophy or spasm of piriformis

combination of psoas major and ilicus

join together and insert on lesser trochanter, primary hip flexor, stabilize hip joint, ER of femur

sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and discs between them; TP of all lumbar

lesser trochanter of femur

ventral rami of lumbar (L1-L3)

iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum and anterior sacroilliac ligament

tendon of psoas major

femoral (L2,L3)

sides of T12-L1 vertebrae and intervertebral disc

pectineal line, iliopucineal eminence via iliopectineal arch, does not cross hip joint

assists psoas major in flexing the pelvis and lumbar region of vertebral column

increased lordosis when standing (BACK PAIN)

people who sit often have tight iliopsoas

above the knee amputees also have tight iliopsoas because leg is carried in flexion

ASIS and anterior part of external lip of iliac crest

lateral condyle of tibia via IT tract

superior gluteal N

abduct, IR, flex thigh, extend knee, steadies trunk on thigh

attaches to patella, if tight it will pull patella laterally (lateral tracking patella) and can even cause dislocation

both TFL and gluteus max attach to IT band