Cell Injury, Inflammation and Repair Flashcards

first response to tissue damage, alerts immune system, attempts to limit tissue, repairs the tissues, can be acute or chronic

immediate and rapid, short time frame, innate immune system, noxious stimuli that trigger these responses such as bacteria/pathogens/chemicals

persistent immune reactions/slow, repeated acute inflammation, cell mediated immunity, response to monocytes/macrophages/lymphocytes, may have fibrosis

calor (heat), rubor (redness), tumor (swelling), dolor (pain)

vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation, cells become more permeable, exudate leaks out (protein), neutrophils begin phagocytosis and attach to endothelium (diapedisis occurs), chemotaxis occurs (attraction of neutrophils to infected cell), increase in WBC and liver is stimulated to produce c-reactive proteins to get rid of microbes, chemical mediators (prostaglandins) trigger pain response

cytokines, complements, kinins, histamines, leukotrienes/prostaglandins

1. cell injury with loss of cell function and structural changes occurs.

2. Cell can revert to normal if the stress/injury is removed.

1. cell passes "point of no return"

2. it cannot recover if pathologic stimulus removed

increase in # of cells

increase in the volume of the cells

reversible change of one mature cell type to another

often a response to chronic irritation, may result in malignant transformation

excess cell growth, loss of normal cell structure can revert to normal or become malignant

pathological, due to external factors, membrane gets damaged, cells swell, nucleus shrinks/leaks out/ and ruptures/absorbed into system

coagulative, liquefactive, gangrenous, caseous

physiological or pathological, targeted pre programmed cell death, DNA damaged, no inflammation

ligand binding & mitochondrial pathways

hypoxia, infection, chemicals/toxins, mechanical forces, trauma, radiation, immune system, genetics, nutritional deficits

1. inflammation

2. proliferation/migration

3. remodeling and maturation