front 1 inflammation | back 1 first response to tissue damage, alerts immune system, attempts to limit tissue, repairs the tissues, can be acute or chronic |
front 2 acute inflammation | back 2 immediate and rapid, short time frame, innate immune system, noxious stimuli that trigger these responses such as bacteria/pathogens/chemicals |
front 3 chronic inflammation | back 3 persistent immune reactions/slow, repeated acute inflammation, cell mediated immunity, response to monocytes/macrophages/lymphocytes, may have fibrosis |
front 4 4 cardinal signs of inflammation | back 4 calor (heat), rubor (redness), tumor (swelling), dolor (pain) |
front 5 cascade of events inflammatory response | back 5 vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation, cells become more permeable, exudate leaks out (protein), neutrophils begin phagocytosis and attach to endothelium (diapedisis occurs), chemotaxis occurs (attraction of neutrophils to infected cell), increase in WBC and liver is stimulated to produce c-reactive proteins to get rid of microbes, chemical mediators (prostaglandins) trigger pain response |
front 6 6 chemicals of inflammation | back 6 cytokines, complements, kinins, histamines, leukotrienes/prostaglandins |
front 7 reversible cell injury | back 7 1. cell injury with loss of cell function and structural changes occurs. 2. Cell can revert to normal if the stress/injury is removed. |
front 8 irreversible cell injury | back 8 1. cell passes "point of no return" 2. it cannot recover if pathologic stimulus removed |
front 9 hyperplasia | back 9 increase in # of cells |
front 10 hypertrophy | back 10 increase in the volume of the cells |
front 11 metaplasia | back 11 reversible change of one mature cell type to another often a response to chronic irritation, may result in malignant transformation |
front 12 dysplasia | back 12 excess cell growth, loss of normal cell structure can revert to normal or become malignant |
front 13 necrosis | back 13 pathological, due to external factors, membrane gets damaged, cells swell, nucleus shrinks/leaks out/ and ruptures/absorbed into system |
front 14 4 types of necrosis | back 14 coagulative, liquefactive, gangrenous, caseous |
front 15 apoptosis | back 15 physiological or pathological, targeted pre programmed cell death, DNA damaged, no inflammation |
front 16 2 pathways of apoptosis | back 16 ligand binding & mitochondrial pathways |
front 17 9 factors that injure cells | back 17 hypoxia, infection, chemicals/toxins, mechanical forces, trauma, radiation, immune system, genetics, nutritional deficits |
front 18 3 Phases of Healing after cell injury | back 18 1. inflammation 2. proliferation/migration 3. remodeling and maturation |