Na+
Range, Function, Tissues, S/S?
Extracellular
135-145
Excitatory
Affects Brain and nerves
Fluid overload/ dehydration symptoms
K+
Range, Function, Tissues, S/S?
Intracellular
3.5-5.0
Excitatory
Affects heart, muscles, GI tract
low K+ cause dysrhythmias, n/v, paresthesia, SZs
high K+ causes diarrhea, low K+ causes constipation
Ca++
Range, Function, Tissues, S/S?
Extracellular
8.5-10.5
Calms
affects heart and B/P
low Ca++ causes tetany (muscle cannot relax) Chvostek's, severe low Ca++= laryngeal spasm
high Ca++ muscle weakness
Mg+
Range, Function, Tissues, S/S?
Intracellular
1.5-3.0
calms
affects smooth muscle (lungs, uterus, heart, intestines)
low Mg+ hyperreflexia (DTRs cannot relax)
high Mg+ respiratory failure
healthy pH range
7.35-7.45
CO2 range (respiratory)
35-45
HCO3- (renal)
22-26
O2
80-100
saME direction of
pH and abnormal value
metabolic
REverse direction of
pH and abnormal value
REspiratory
compensated
pH= normal
other two are abnormal
uncompensated
pH and one other value is abnormal
partiALLy compensated
ALL values are abnormal
Red blood cell count (RBCs)
3.6-5.4
hemoglobin
12.6-16.5
hematocrit
37-50%
White blood cell count (total WBC)
5,000-10,000
neutrophils "CBC with diff"
47-63%
leukocytes "CBC with diff"
24-40%
platelets
150,000-400,000
pH below 7.35
acidosis
pH above 7.45
alkalosis
BUN (blood urea nitrogen)
Normal range less than 20
Specific Gravity
1.010- 1.030
What kidney systems raise low BP
RAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system)
ADH (anti-diuretic hormone/vasopressin)
What lowers BP when it is too high
Natriuretic peptides
ANP/ BNP