Histology Flashcards

cells and ECM

supports the cells and contains fluids that serve as nutrients/carries away wastes

nervous, epithelial, muscle, connective

very small

small

moderate

abundant

sheet-like tubular structure, clustered

lines surface/body cavities and gland secretion. Has a basal lamina and a fibrous reticular lamina with collagen fibers that attaches to connective tissue and aids in repair

Aids in the transmission of nerve impulses

Contraction of muscles and body movement

Serves as support and protection of tissues and organs, helps connect epithelia

structure, nutrition, storage, defense, repair, information

most abundant and major component of ECM. During tissue repair, proliferate and increase synthetic activitiy/assists neighboring cells.

fat cells where # determined early in life, regulates metabolism and other hormones.

derive from monocytes and found in blood that comes from stem cells in bone marrow. They phagocytize and secrete hydrolytic enzyme for turnover of ECM. Initiate immune response by presenting antigens.

resemble basophils found in blood/store chemical mediators. Responsible for allergic reactions and abundant in connective tissue.

thick, most common in CT (skin, tendons, organs)

reticular fibers, mesh network, (smooth muscle, endocrine glands, liver)

random coil configuration (trachea, skin)

eosinophils, lymphocytes, and neutrophils

most widespread, flexible, well vascularized, slightly resistant to stress, cushions organs.

lots of fibroblasts and collagen fibers, lots of resistance, 3D network.

collagen fibers abundant, arranged parallel, resists stretching in one direction.

white fat (lipid storage)

brown fat (heat, fetus)

dense IR elastic tissue found in middle layer of arteries

type III collagen found in hematopoetic bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen.

found forming in teeth

avascular and has one cell type, chondrocyte

most common, found in rings and plates that keep airways open, lines end of synovial joints (gliding)

supports larynx and facilitates speech

link vertebrae together with shock absorption (pubic symphysis)

loss of hyaline articular cartilage, chondrocytes die, degenerative in nature

houses brain and spinal cord, protective site for hematopoetic tissue (forms blood cells), reservoir for calcium and important in blood regulation.

stem cells of bone, become osteoblasts

build up bone and development of bone matrix (osteoid) eventually become osteocytes

located in matrix, link together and last 20-30 years

large multinucleated and turnover bone matrix rate is high, derived from stem cells and live less than a month

outer surface of bone that have osteoprogenitor cells

inner surface of bone that have osteoprogenitor cells

harder, outer portion of bone

interior region of bone, porous, made of trabeculae

collagen fibers first deposited in osteoid by osteoblasts and randomly arrayed

replaces primary bone and is arranged in parallel making it much stronger than primary bone

bone collar formation

primary ossification center (osteoblasts mass production)

secondary ossification center (growth plate)

osteoblasts form osteoclasts through fusion via monocytes

osteoblasts watch and regulate osteoclasts

osteoclasts create tunnel in bone, osteoblasts fill in gap with new matrix

small blood vessels travel through tunnel and creates compact bone (nutrition)

parathyroid and calcitonin

result of blood vessels breaking, clot forming, death of osteocytes. Osteoblasts fill in the gap, callus of CT and hyaline cartilage forms and is replaced with primary bone. Remodeling then turns it into secondary bone.

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

moves limbs, propels breath, speech

pumps blood

controls BP and helps food move through GI tract

the movement of actomyosin filament system and shortens the cell

endomysium, perimysium, and epimyseum

cylindrical array of actin and myosin filaments that extends the length of the cell

region of a myofibril between 2 z lines and IS CONTRACTILE UNIT OF SKELETAL MUSCLE

most abundant protein found in cells

formed from dimers of myosin 2 class

protein complex that helps with regulation of filament sliding. LOW CALCIUM = no myosin binding to actin

HIGH CALCIUM= myosin binds to actin

made up of neuromuscular junction. More units activated = higher strength of contraction.

nerve cells and are functional unit of information and signal processing

essential support to neurons

brain and spinal cord, sensory input and coordinated output

receives sensory info from outside of the body and also helps with muscles and glands.

responsible for actions that can be controlled by thinking such as throwing a baseball

responsible for things such as gut motility

fight or flight

rest and digest

dendrite, cell body, axon in that order (nerve impulse)

special junctions that help pass nerve impulses from cell to cell or cell to effector (depolarization and NA/K pumps come in)

receive majority of info, shape and extent of dendrite determines function

made up of rough ER and golgi apparatus

extend from cell body to axon to dendrite. Structural support for cell

nerve fibers that connect cell body to terminal synapse and helps with cell-to-cell communication via dendrite

neurons control effector organs such as muscles and glands, located in CNS

neurons receive stimuli from internal or external factors and may be in CNS or peripheral ganglia

connect neurons that are far apart, pyramidial in structure and located in CNS.

establish local circuits by connecting other nearby neurons in CNS or peripheral ganglia