Mountain Landscapes Flashcards

The movement of the tectonic plates that push the land upwards

Large slabs broken up from the Earth's crust. They fit like a jigsaw puzzle.

Convection currents in the mantle. Hot material near the Earth's core rises, and colder mantle rock sinks and this repeats.

That the Earth's lithosphere is divided into large slabs called plates that are always moving

In the centre of the Earth is the inner core which is the hottest and most dense ball of mostly solid iron due to the amount of pressure from the rest of the layers. Outside of the inner core is the outer core which is made from liquid iron and nickel. Outside of the outer core is the mantle which is the thickest layer and where magma lies in, although it is mainly made from solid material. Outside of the mantle is the crust which is the outermost shell of a terrestrial planet and broken into plates.

The solid outer part of earth consisting of upper mantle and crust.

the upper zone of the Earth's mantle, located below the lithosphere. It is formed of solid and semi-fused materials that allow continental drift. On it, tectonic plates move.

Plate margins or where two plates meet.

Contructive/divergent, conservative/transform, destructive/collision/convergent

When the plates move apart from each other. Along these boundaries, earthquakes are common and magma (molten rock) rises from the Earth’s mantle to the surface, solidifying to create new crust.

When plates move past each other or are side by side moving at different speeds. As the plates move, friction occurs and plates become stuck. Pressure builds up because the plates are still trying to move. When the pressure is released, it sends out huge amounts of energy, causing an earthquake. They are very destructive because they are close to earth's surface

When the plates move towards each other and this destructs land.

Fold

Block

Volcanic

Fold mountains are created where two or more of Earth’s tectonic plates are pushed together. At these colliding boundaries, rocks and debris are folded into rocky outcrops, hills, mountains, and entire mountain ranges.

when a slab of land breaks off and is forced up as two of Earth’s tectonic plates pull apart or push together.

Volcanic mountains are formed as a result of volcanic eruptions, which occur when hot liquid rock is forced out suddenly and with a lot of pressure from the earth's crust. There are two catergories: shield and cone.

hill-shaped landform that forms around a volcano formed as material from volcanic eruptions piles up around the volcanic vent, or opening in Earth’s crust.

When lava covers rocks from previous eruptions and builds up as land over time

A series of connected mountains

Himalayas, Tian Shan, Kunlun, Ural

Carpathian Mountains, Alps, Caucaus, Tauras,

Andes

Rocky, Mackenzie, Appalachian

Great Dividing range

Drakensburg and Atlas

Transantarctic mountains

Mt Everest in Himalayas

Mt Kosciuszko in Great Dividing Range

when plates in the ocean move apart and create new land due to magma rising into that crack formed by the plates moving apart.

a spot where two of the planet's tectonic plates collide and one goes beneath the other. The oceanic plate and continental plate collide and since the oceanic plate is more dense, it sinks under the continental and melts in the mantle to form magma. This forms oceanic trenches.

water on top of the plate. it is made out of denser, heavier rock than continental, but is much less thick.

land on top of the plate. it is thicker than oceanic plate

Seafloor spreading creates new crust. Subduction destroys old crust. The two forces roughly balance each other, so the shape and diameter of the Earth remain constant.

Two famous examples of seafloor spreading.

The gradual movement of continents across the Earth's surface through geological time

A supercontinent that had all continents joined together. It existed 335 million years ago

Alfred Wegner developed this theory because all the continents fit together like a giant puzzle. There is also some evidence from fossil correlation, mountain correlation and glacial striations.

Appearance of same fossils of animals in two separate continents that were likely once together as a continent but got seperated

Same rocks types were found in different locations meaning that continents must have been torn with rock structures still on them.

When glaciars leave marks on rocks, but those marks appear in hot areas so the location must have once been cold.

For tourism, farming, sports, hydroelectricity, mining

Aboriginal people see themselves responsible for looking after stories, places, resources and cultures of the land and so they live sustainably and feel as though they have a cultural and spiritual connection to mountains.

As a food source of Bogong which is found in mountains, as plants which have special medical capabilities and as a gathering place.

A list of the world's most important natural and human features. Individual countries can nominate their most special places and if met the certain criteria, the nominating country can preserve their site

Blue Mountains, Mount Everest, Yosemite National park, Virugna Mountains,

United nations

The lithosphere

Volcanoes can also form in the middle of a plate where magma rises upward until it erupts on the seafloor