front 1 How are mountains formed? | back 1 The movement of the tectonic plates that push the land upwards |
front 2 What are tectonic plates? | back 2 Large slabs broken up from the Earth's crust. They fit like a jigsaw puzzle. |
front 3 How do tectonic plates move? | back 3 Convection currents in the mantle. Hot material near the Earth's core rises, and colder mantle rock sinks and this repeats. |
front 4 What is the plate theory? | back 4 That the Earth's lithosphere is divided into large slabs called plates that are always moving |
front 5 What is the structure of the Earth? | back 5 In the centre of the Earth is the inner core which is the hottest and most dense ball of mostly solid iron due to the amount of pressure from the rest of the layers. Outside of the inner core is the outer core which is made from liquid iron and nickel. Outside of the outer core is the mantle which is the thickest layer and where magma lies in, although it is mainly made from solid material. Outside of the mantle is the crust which is the outermost shell of a terrestrial planet and broken into plates. |
front 6 What is the lithosphere? | back 6 The solid outer part of earth consisting of upper mantle and crust. |
front 7 What is athenosphere | back 7 the upper zone of the Earth's mantle, located below the lithosphere. It is formed of solid and semi-fused materials that allow continental drift. On it, tectonic plates move. |
front 8 What are plate boundaries? | back 8 Plate margins or where two plates meet. |
front 9 What are the types of movement of tectonic plates? | back 9 Contructive/divergent, conservative/transform, destructive/collision/convergent |
front 10 What is the constructive/divergent movement of tectonic plates? | back 10 When the plates move apart from each other. Along these boundaries, earthquakes are common and magma (molten rock) rises from the Earth’s mantle to the surface, solidifying to create new crust. |
front 11 What is the conservative/transform plates? | back 11 When plates move past each other or are side by side moving at different speeds. As the plates move, friction occurs and plates become stuck. Pressure builds up because the plates are still trying to move. When the pressure is released, it sends out huge amounts of energy, causing an earthquake. They are very destructive because they are close to earth's surface |
front 12 What is destructive/collision/ convergent movement of plates? | back 12 When the plates move towards each other and this destructs land. |
front 13 What are the types of mountains? | back 13 Fold Block Volcanic |
front 14 What are fold mountains? | back 14 Fold mountains are created where two or more of Earth’s tectonic plates are pushed together. At these colliding boundaries, rocks and debris are folded into rocky outcrops, hills, mountains, and entire mountain ranges. |
front 15 What are block mountains? | back 15 when a slab of land breaks off and is forced up as two of Earth’s tectonic plates pull apart or push together. |
front 16 What are volcanic mountains? | back 16 Volcanic mountains are formed as a result of volcanic eruptions, which occur when hot liquid rock is forced out suddenly and with a lot of pressure from the earth's crust. There are two catergories: shield and cone. |
front 17 What are cone volcanic mountains? | back 17 hill-shaped landform that forms around a volcano formed as material from volcanic eruptions piles up around the volcanic vent, or opening in Earth’s crust. |
front 18 What are shield volcanic mountains? | back 18 When lava covers rocks from previous eruptions and builds up as land over time |
front 19 What are mountain ranges? | back 19 A series of connected mountains |
front 20 What are the mountain ranges located in..Asia? | back 20 Himalayas, Tian Shan, Kunlun, Ural |
front 21 What are the mountain ranges located in Europe? | back 21 Carpathian Mountains, Alps, Caucaus, Tauras, |
front 22 What are the mountain ranges located in South America? | back 22 Andes |
front 23 What are the Mountain ranges located in North America? | back 23 Rocky, Mackenzie, Appalachian |
front 24 What are the mountain ranges located in Australia? | back 24 Great Dividing range |
front 25 What are the mountain ranges located in Africa? | back 25 Drakensburg and Atlas |
front 26 What are the mountain ranges located in Antartica? | back 26 Transantarctic mountains |
front 27 What is the highest mountain in the world? | back 27 Mt Everest in Himalayas |
front 28 What is the highest mountain in Australia? | back 28 Mt Kosciuszko in Great Dividing Range |
front 29 What is sea-flood spreading? | back 29 when plates in the ocean move apart and create new land due to magma rising into that crack formed by the plates moving apart. |
front 30 What is subduction zone? | back 30 a spot where two of the planet's tectonic plates collide and one goes beneath the other. The oceanic plate and continental plate collide and since the oceanic plate is more dense, it sinks under the continental and melts in the mantle to form magma. This forms oceanic trenches. |
front 31 What is oceanic plate | back 31 water on top of the plate. it is made out of denser, heavier rock than continental, but is much less thick. |
front 32 What is continental plate? | back 32 land on top of the plate. it is thicker than oceanic plate |
front 33 What is the link between subduction and sea floor spreading. | back 33 Seafloor spreading creates new crust. Subduction destroys old crust. The two forces roughly balance each other, so the shape and diameter of the Earth remain constant. |
front 34 What is the mid-ocean ridge and Great Rift Valley in Africa? | back 34 Two famous examples of seafloor spreading. |
front 35 What is the continental drift? | back 35 The gradual movement of continents across the Earth's surface through geological time |
front 36 What is pangea? | back 36 A supercontinent that had all continents joined together. It existed 335 million years ago |
front 37 How did we know that there was once a large land mass called pangea? | back 37 Alfred Wegner developed this theory because all the continents fit together like a giant puzzle. There is also some evidence from fossil correlation, mountain correlation and glacial striations. |
front 38 What is fossil correlation? | back 38 Appearance of same fossils of animals in two separate continents that were likely once together as a continent but got seperated |
front 39 What is rock and mountain correlation? | back 39 Same rocks types were found in different locations meaning that continents must have been torn with rock structures still on them. |
front 40 What is glacial striations? | back 40 When glaciars leave marks on rocks, but those marks appear in hot areas so the location must have once been cold. |
front 41 What are some uses for mountains? | back 41 For tourism, farming, sports, hydroelectricity, mining |
front 42 What is the connection between the Aboriginal people of Australia and the land and how it impacts the way in which indigenous people use mountain landscapes? | back 42 Aboriginal people see themselves responsible for looking after stories, places, resources and cultures of the land and so they live sustainably and feel as though they have a cultural and spiritual connection to mountains. |
front 43 How do aboriginal people use mountains? | back 43 As a food source of Bogong which is found in mountains, as plants which have special medical capabilities and as a gathering place. |
front 44 What is the world heritage list? | back 44 A list of the world's most important natural and human features. Individual countries can nominate their most special places and if met the certain criteria, the nominating country can preserve their site |
front 45 What are some mountain areas that are includes in the World Heritage list? | back 45 Blue Mountains, Mount Everest, Yosemite National park, Virugna Mountains, |
front 46 Who is responcible for the world heritage list? | back 46 United nations |
front 47 Where do changes in the Earth happen in? | back 47 The lithosphere |
front 48 What is the hot spot theory? | back 48 Volcanoes can also form in the middle of a plate where magma rises upward until it erupts on the seafloor |