Respiration
Gas exchange between body cells and atmosphere
Cellular respiration
Oxygen utilization and carbon dioxide production at cellular level
nasal septum
midline wall of cartilage that separates the nasal cavity
nasal cavity
hallow space behind the nose
nasal conchae
"shelves" of bones that extend into nasal cavity
deviated septum
bending of the nasal septum
para nasal sinuses
air-filled spaces in the skull that lighten the weight of skull
pharynx
passageway for food and air
larynx
conducts air flow, contains vocal cords
epiglottis
flap of cartilage that covers opening to the trachea during swallowing
trachea
cartilage ringed tube that conducts air to lungs
bronchial tree
branched airways that carry air between the trachea of the lungs
alveoli
site of gas exchange, expand and deflate during breathing
lungs
soft, spongy, con-shaped organs in thoracic cavity
visceral pleura
serous membrane that covers the surface of each lung
parietal pleura
serous membrane that covers lung cavity(thoracic cavity)
inspiration
inhaling
expiration
exhaling
surfactant
fluid that keeps alveoli from collapsing and also lubricates alveoli during inhalation
tidal volume(TV)
volume of air entering and leaving the lungs during a respiratory cycle
inspiratory reserve volume(ISR)
Amount of air moving into the lungs during forced breathing and TV
expiratory reserve volume(IRV)
amount of air moving out of lungs during forced breathing and TV
residual volume(RV)
volume of air remaining in lungs after forced exhalation
vital capacity(VC)
the most volume of air that can be exhaled possible from lungs after taking the deepest breath
total lung capacity(TLC)
total amount of air the lungs can hold
respiratory center
groups of neurons in the BRAIN STEM that control breathing rates
hyperventilation
uncontrollable breathing at a rapid and deep rate
partial pressure
amount of pressure each gas contributes in a given space
hemoglobin
protein on red blood cells that carry oxygen
apnea
temporary cessation of breathing during sleep
tracheotomy
incision of trachea for exploration/removal of an object