(T/F)The actual leading cause of death in the United States is tobacco use.
True
(T/F)At the beginning of the 20th century, the average life expectancy for both men and women was below 50 years.
True
(T/F)Individuals typically progress linearly along the Transtheoretical Model’s stages of change.
False
Traditional (Personalistic) Model
Disease is the direct result of a deity or spirit.
Testimonials are an example of:
Observational learning
A woman has collected articles on exercising to lose weight and would like to begin a regular routine within the next 6 months. What stage of change is she classified as?
Contemplation
Social cognitive theory primarily emphasizes:
The relationship of an individual and their surrounding environment
(T/F)The first 5 phases of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model are focused on assessment.
True
(T/F)Outcome evaluation measures the impact of a program.
False
Which component of the Health Belief Model is achieved when a person exercises to lose weight and prevent heart disease?
Perceived benefits
According to the 2018 statistics we looked up, approximately how much is spent each year on tobacco related diseases?
>$600 Million
The CDCynergy model used language about Channel specific activities. Which of the following is correct?
Interpersonal channels would include examples like a coach or a counselor.
Breast self-examination would be considered what level of prevention?
Secondary
(T/F) An example of equality in health promotion would be to give each individual services or products matched to their unique needs.
False
(T/F) Propylene glycol is a main contributor to popcorn lung
True
All of the following ways will increase a participant's exercise self-efficacy, EXCEPT
experiencing delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) after exercise
Which of the following communication channels uses church bulletins or company newsletters?
Organization
(T/F) Oxidative stress is a phenomenon caused by an imbalance between production and accumulation of free radicals in cells and tissues.
True
(T/F) The United States was the first country to require warning labels on cigarettes.
True
Morbidity __________
describes the rate of disease within a population
In the Educational / Ecological phase of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, all of the following types of factors are identified, EXCEPT:
Disabling
The number of people who stopped smoking following a smoking cessation program is a measure of:
Impact evaluation
(T/F) Outcome evaluation measures the impact of a program.
False
Which of the following is not an identified construct as outlined in the theory of planned behavior?
Self-efficacy
(T/F) Health promotion focuses primarily on modifiable risk factors.
True
An example of a perceived barrier evaluation (HBM) would be...
changing my diet will be expensive.
Which of the following is not a component of the health belief model?
Perceived behavioral control
Identify each of the stages of change within the Transtheoretical model (in order), and give one suggestion on how to support someone who is trying to improve their diet at each stage.
- pre-contemplation (help them determine how confident and important it is to change // gauge on a scale of 0-3)
- contemplation (sit with them as they take note of their behavior, support them as this stage is difficult)
- preparation (develop a plan for future obstacles they may face, encourage them (eating out with friends))
- action (continuously encourage and give praise to small/big victories (seeing change in diet/closer to goal)
- maintenance/relapse (make sure the momentum to maintain diet is still going by periodically check-in)
Parasympathetic and sympathetic responses are linked to which system?
Autonomic Nervous System
The three stages of stress are:
Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion
(T/F) A food desert refers to a place where there is no food available.
False
What is the current prevailing dietary pattern in the US?
Noncommunicable disease
(T/F) There are three primary types of physical activity: aerobic, bone-strengthening, and muscle-strengthening.
False
Individuals with Osteoporosis should follow which of these guidelines when selecting activities?
choose activities that minimize falls
Approximately what percentage of Americans are on antidepressants?
25
(T/F) The "Time Out" theory of exercise postulates that the benefit of exercise on the stress response is that by being active you stop (or time out) the release of stress hormones.
False
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) protects mental health services by:
prohibiting insurers from denying coverage of mental illness as a pre-existing condition
Antidepressants work by
reducing the amount of serotonin that is absorbed back into tissue
Stress model
Step #1
stress is encountered
Stress model
Step #2
Hypothalamus is activated and initiates the SNS
Stress model
Step #3
Nerves cause your heart rate to increase, your GI tract slows, and your pupils dilate
Stress model
Step #4
Epinephrine is released from the adrenal glands
Stress model
Step #5
Cortisol is released from the adrenal glands
Stress model
Step #6
The thyroid gland releases hormones that release hormones that increase your metabolism, but decrease immune system
(T/F) The BRFSS and YRBSS are used to track progress toward meeting health goals and objectives, identify trends, and develop relevant legislation and programming.
False
All of the following are health-risk behaviors assessed on the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System except:
All of the above are assessed by the YRBSS
(T/F) The internet is the best place to find health information.
False
(T/F) Having physicians tell patients about healthy behaviors is usually sufficient to inspire change.
False
(T/F) The US Preventive Services Task Force conducts research to understand the best recommendations for clinical prevention services.
False
Tertiary preventive measures are
Considered a part of the treatment and management of persons with a clinical disease
The Affordable Care Act & Preventive Services:
A, B, & C
The American Heart Association’s Life’s Essential 8 behaviors include getting active, get more sleep, losing weight, eating better, quitting smoking and…
Controlling cholesterol, reducing blood sugar, and managing blood pressure
Health promotion in early childhood centers might include:
- A health history or pre-enrollment physician clearance
- Opportunities for physical play
- Healthy food
To find the latest data on current adult smokers in the United States, which agency’s website would you visit?
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans provides recommendations based on:
- Maintaining calorie balance over time
- Consuming nutrient-dense foods and beverages