Bacteria that must grow in oxygen because their metabolism requires oxygen.
Obligate aerobes
Bacteria that have a flexible metabolism for oxygen conditions.
Facultative anaerobes
Bacteria that cannot grow in an oxygenated environment.
Obligate anaerobes
Many bacteria pathogen have an optimal growth between 35°C and 40°C are classified as:
Mesophiles
Which bacteria's colonies change color from white (higher temperature) to red (lower temperature)?
Serratia
pH refers to what?
The concentration of hydrogen ions
A cell that has fewer solutes than its environment
Hypotonic
A cell that has the same solute concentration as its environment
Isotonic
A cell that has more solutes than its environment
Hypertonic
A microbe such as Halobacterium salinarum thrives in high salt concentration environments is known as
Obligate halophile
Antimicrobials are compounds that kill or inhinit
Any type of microorganisms
Antibiotics are compounds that kill or inhibit
Bacteria
Antivirals are compounds that kill or inhibit
Viruses
Penicillin targets ____
The cell wall
Bacitracin targets ____
The cell wall
Tetracyclines target ____
Protein synthesis
Streptomycin targets ____
Protein synthesis
Chloramphenicol targets ____
Protein synthesis
Substances that inhibit or kill microorganisms but are gentle enough to apply to living tissue are
Antiseptics
Chemical agents that are applied to inanimate objects to kill microorganisms are
Disinfectants
A substance that has been oxidized has ____ an electron
Lost
Fermentation is a form of energy metabolism where the final electron acceptor is
An organic molecule
This type of reaction breaks down a molecule using water
Hydrolysis reaction
Which test examines protein hydrolysis?
Casein
Which test examines the deamination of an amino acid?
Phenylalanine
The API20E tests for
Gram negative bacteria
The API20E for bacteria that do
- Oxidation and fermentation
- No oxidation and fermentation
Which test examines aerobic/anaerobic respiration?
H2S
Which test examines protein utilization?
ADH
Which test examines carbon utilization?
SOR
What is the lowest taxanomic level that 16s rRNA sequence analysis is usefol for identification?
Genus
In DNA extraction, the first step is to
Break the cells open to expose the DNA
In DNA extraction, the second step is to
Remove the lipids and proteins
In DNA extraction, the third step is to
Precipitate the DNA with alcohol
Which PCR reagent indicates to the Taq polymerase which part of the DNA should be replicated (amplified)?
Primers
Which PCR reagent provides the nucleotide/base pairs that are used by the Taq polymerase to make copies of the DNA target?
dNTPs
Which phase of PCR raises the temperature to break the DNA into single strands?
Denaturation phase
Which phase of PCR allows for the primers to form hydrogen bonds with the single stranded DNA?
Annealing phase
Which phase of PCR uses the Taq polymerase to add complementary nucleotides to the single strand of DNA?
Extraction phase
When identifying a bacteria using BLAST, which metric is used?
Percent identity/similarity
The E. coli used in this experiment is either resistant to streptomycin or ampicillin. Which type of plasmid is responsible for this trait?
R plasmid
The streptomycin resistance gene is located on
Genome chromosome
The ampicillin resistance gene is located on
Plasmid
The nalidixic acid resistance gene is located on
Genome chromosome
Which resistance gene will be transferred during conjugation?
Ampicillin
Which strains will grow on the LB plate?
- E. coli (str)
- E. coli (amp, nal)
- E. coli (str, amp) conjugation strain
Which strains will grow on the LB + nal plate?
E. coli (amp, nal)
Which strains will grow on the LB
+ amp plate?
- E. coli (amp, nal)
- E. coli (str, amp) conjugation strain
Which strains will grow on the LB + str plate?
- E. coli (str)
- E. coli (str, amp) conjugation strain
Which strains will grow on the LB + amp + str plate?
E. coli (str, amp) conjugation strain