Types of prokaryotic cell division
binary fission
conjugation
Binary fission
![card image](../uploads/654/69/_15fed498_1867048583f__8000_00001225.jpg)
when prokaryotes, replicate the DNA and then split in half.
Forms two identical cells
Asexual reproduction
Conjugation
![card image](../uploads/655/70/_15fed498_1867048583f__8000_00001227.png)
process that occurs in bacteria
one cell transfers a copy of extra chromosomal DNA (plasmid)
chromatin
![card image](../uploads/656/71/_15fed498_1867048583f__8000_00001229.jpg)
DNA wrapped around histone proteins
in this stage during interphase and cytokinesis
chromosome
![card image](../uploads/657/72/_15fed498_1867048583f__8000_00001231.jpg)
Chromatin that condenses and supercoils before cell division
sister chromatids
![card image](../uploads/658/73/_15fed498_1867048583f__8000_00001233.jpg)
a chromosome paired with its identical copy
held together by centromere
Cell Cycle
![card image](../uploads/659/74/_15fed498_1867048583f__8000_00001235.png)
3 stages in the life of a cell
Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
Interphase
![card image](../uploads/660/75/_15fed498_1867048583f__8000_00001237.jpg)
the time in between cell divisions
where a cell spends most of it life
3 steps: G1, S, G2
G1
First growth in interphase
Gap 1 phase
time where cell does its job
eats, gets rid of waste, makes proteins
S phase
synthesis stage
Time when DNA replication occurs during interphase
G2
2nd Growth phase
Gap 2 phase
Cell produces any extra materials or organelles needed for cell division
centromere
![card image](https://news.feinberg.northwestern.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/centromere.png)
structure that holds sister chromatids together
centrioles
![card image](../uploads/661/76/_15fed498_1867048583f__8000_00001241.jpg)
organelles in animal cells that release the spindle fibers
spindle fibers
![card image](../uploads/662/77/_15fed498_1867048583f__8000_00001243.jpg)
rope like structures that attach to the centromeres and help separate the sister chromatids
Mitosis
![card image](../uploads/663/78/_15fed498_1867048583f__8000_00001245.jpg)
division of the nucleus
prophase
![card image](../uploads/664/79/_15fed498_1867048583f__8000_00001239.png)
first stage of mitosis
sister chromatids appear held by a centromere
nuclear envelope and nucleolus start to break down
centrioles move to opposite poles
metaphase
![card image](../uploads/665/80/_15fed498_1867048583f__8000_00001247.jpg)
sister chromatids line up along the midline or equator of the cell
spindle fibers attach to the centromeres
anaphase
![card image](../uploads/666/81/_15fed498_1867048583f__8000_00001249.jpg)
third stage of mitosis
spindle fibers retract and pull sister chromatids apart
individual chromosomes move towards opposite poles
telophase
![card image](../uploads/667/82/_15fed498_1867048583f__8000_00001251.jpg)
end of mitosis
chromosomes reach opposite ends of cells
cell is elongated
new nuclei and nucleoli begin to form
cytokinesis
![card image](../uploads/668/83/_15fed498_1867048583f__8000_00001253.jpg)
cell splits into two identical daughter cells
animal cells have a cleavage furrow (pinching of cell membrane )
plant cells have a cell plate that forms between the 2 cells and separates them
cancer cells
![card image](../uploads/669/84/_15fed498_1867048583f__8000_00001255.jpg)
cells that divide more often
do not spend time in interphase