Cell Cycle Review Flashcards


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1

Types of prokaryotic cell division

binary fission

conjugation

2

Binary fission

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when prokaryotes, replicate the DNA and then split in half.

Forms two identical cells

Asexual reproduction

3

Conjugation

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process that occurs in bacteria

one cell transfers a copy of extra chromosomal DNA (plasmid)

4

chromatin

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DNA wrapped around histone proteins

in this stage during interphase and cytokinesis

5

chromosome

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Chromatin that condenses and supercoils before cell division

6

sister chromatids

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a chromosome paired with its identical copy

held together by centromere

7

Cell Cycle

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3 stages in the life of a cell

Interphase

Mitosis

Cytokinesis

8

Interphase

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the time in between cell divisions

where a cell spends most of it life

3 steps: G1, S, G2

9

G1

First growth in interphase

Gap 1 phase

time where cell does its job

eats, gets rid of waste, makes proteins

10

S phase

synthesis stage

Time when DNA replication occurs during interphase

11

G2

2nd Growth phase

Gap 2 phase

Cell produces any extra materials or organelles needed for cell division

12

centromere

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structure that holds sister chromatids together

13

centrioles

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organelles in animal cells that release the spindle fibers

14

spindle fibers

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rope like structures that attach to the centromeres and help separate the sister chromatids

15

Mitosis

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division of the nucleus

16

prophase

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first stage of mitosis

sister chromatids appear held by a centromere

nuclear envelope and nucleolus start to break down

centrioles move to opposite poles

17

metaphase

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sister chromatids line up along the midline or equator of the cell

spindle fibers attach to the centromeres

18

anaphase

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third stage of mitosis

spindle fibers retract and pull sister chromatids apart

individual chromosomes move towards opposite poles

19

telophase

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end of mitosis

chromosomes reach opposite ends of cells

cell is elongated

new nuclei and nucleoli begin to form

20

cytokinesis

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cell splits into two identical daughter cells

animal cells have a cleavage furrow (pinching of cell membrane )

plant cells have a cell plate that forms between the 2 cells and separates them

21

cancer cells

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cells that divide more often

do not spend time in interphase