the first sound of the heart is valuable in diagnosis because it provides information about the function of the heat's pulmonary and aortic valves

true

the aortic valves prevent back flow of blood from the aorta into right ventricle

False

the visceral and parietal layers of pericardium are the layers of serous pericardium

True

Superior and inferior vena cava returns venous blood from the upper and lower half of the body into the right atrium of the heart

True

Increase of systemic blood pressure will increase the preload

False

Preload is the stretching of right atrium, the greater the venous return more will be the preload

true

Foramen ovale connects the two ventricles in fetal heart

False

coarctatioin of aorta may increase the afterload and causing left ventricular hypertrophy

True

pulmonary stenosis will lead to right ventricular hypertrophy

True

cor-pulmonnale is the condition of lung congestion secondary to left ventricular failure

False

the dicrotic notch refers to the brief rise in aortic pressure caused by back flow of blood rebounding off semilunar valves of aorta during ventricular diastole

True

inotropic drugs can increase the force of cardiac muscle contraction

True

abnormal heart sounds are called murmurs

True

cardioacceleratory center is located in the medulla oblongata, which innervates SA and AV nodes, heart muscles, and coronary arteries through sympathetic nerves.

false

the difference between resting and maximum state of cardiac output is called bainbridge reflex in heart

False

anterior interventricular artery is a branch of?

left coronary artery

circumflex coronary artery is a branch of?

left coronary artery

right marginal artery is a branch of:

right coronary artery

posterior interventricular artery is a branch of

right coronary artery

endothelial layer of the inner myocardial surface is called

endocardium

left ventricle pumps blood into the

aorta

the semilunar valve lies between the right atrium and pulmonary trunk is called

pulmonary valve

The first heart sound is due to the closure of AV valves

True

the second peak in left atrial pressure is due to atrial systole

False

hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes

a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output

the left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to

pump blood with greater pressure

blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the

left atrium

If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, primarily damage result from

a decreased delivery of oxygen

the pericardial cavity

is the region of the thoracic cavity that contains the heart

circulation of the blood through the heart

sup/inf vena cava -> right atrium -> through tricuspid valve to the right ventricle -> through pulmonary valve to the pulmonary trunk -> right and left pulmonary artery -> lungs -> right and left pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> through bicuspid valve to left ventricle -> aortic valves into aorta -> body

List the layers of the sac around human heart

pericardium, fibrous pericardium, serous pericardium (Parietal and visceral layers)

space between the pericardia layers is called what? and the content is called?

pericardial cavity

serous fluid

collection of excess amount of fluid int he pericardial space is called

cardiac temponade

general term for the arteries that supply blood to the heart is

coronary arteries

the major blood vessels entering the right atrium are

superior/interior vena cava, coronary sinus, anterior cardiac vein

the right side of the hear is filled with

deoxygenated blood

a valve between the right atrium and right ventricle is called

tricuspid valve

a valve between the left atrium and left ventricle is called

mitral valve

the property of self-stimulation of heart by speacialized tissure in the right atrium is called

autorhythmic

what are those autorhythmic tissue in the walls of the right atrium called

SA node

SA node generates electrical stimulation about

60-100 times per minute

list the ECG waves in the order of occurence

P waves

QRS complex

T waves

a wave obtained in the ECG tracing during atrial depolarization is

P wave

a wave obtained in ECG tracing during ventricular depolarization is

QRS complex

a wave obtained in ECG tracing during ventricular repolarization is

T wav

define cardiac output

whats the formula

cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle in one minute

CO = HR x SV

define heart rate

number of beats per minute

define stroke volume

formula

volume of blood pumped out of each ventricle per beat

SV = EDV - ESV

define end diastolic volume

maximum amount of blood ventricles will contain in the cycle

define end systolic volume

blood remaining in chambers when ventricles relaxes

what is cardiac reserve

difference between resting and maximal CO

the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute can be expressed as

stroke volume X heart rate

atrial cotraction occurs

following P wave

if the vagus nerves to the heart were cut, the result will be that

the heart rate would increase

the AV valves are supported by______ so that they do not blow back up into the atria during ventricular contraction

chordae tendineae

normal sinus rhythm

normal ECG trace

Junctional rhythm

The SA node is nonfunctional. As a result:

P waves are absent

AV node paces heart 40-60 beats/minute

second degree heart block

the AV node fails to conduct some SA node impulses. As a result:

there are more P waves than QRS waves

Ventricular fibrillation

electrical activity is disorganized.results in chaotic, grossly abnormal ECG deflections

all events associated with blood flow through the heart during systole and diastole is called

cardiac cycle

ventricular repolarization wave:

T wave

the first sound of the heart s valuable in diagnosis because it provides information about the function of the heat's pulmonary and aortic valves

true

the mediastinal cavity

is the region of the thoracic cavity that contains the heart

the difference between resting and maximal cardiac output is called

cardiac reserve

the apex of the heart is directed towards

the left

tetralogy of fallot is a common finding in

infants with down syndrome

when the second stimulation is provided to the hear immediately before the ventricular repolarization starts:

second depolarization will not take place

cardiac center in the brain is located in

medulla oblongata

the direction of the blood flow during ventricular contraction in an infant with ventricular septal defect will be

left ventricle to right ventricle

the left coronary arteries arises from the

ascending aorta

the coronary arteries arise from the

aorta

left coronary artery is a branch of ascending aorta

true

all of the structures below are components of conduction system of the heart. Except

fossa ovalis

to ausculate the aortic valve, you would place your stethoscope in the

second intercostal space to the right of the sternum

coronary arteries

Veins of the heart

volume of blood pumped by each ventricle with each contraction is the

stroke volume

the difference between resting and maximal cardiac output is

cardiac reserve

increase in the heart rate initiated by the increased blood in atria which in turn causes the stimulation of the SA node is the

bainbridge reflex

the degree of stretch of cardiac muscle cells before they contract is

Frank-starling's law

relaxation of the ventricular muscle is called

diastole

amount of blood collected in a ventricle during full relaxation

end diastolic volume

pressure exerted by blood in the large arteries leaving the hear, against which heart must force the blood to eject out the ventricles is the

afterload

which of the following occurs as AV valves close and signifies beginning of ventricular contraction

first heart beat

all events associated with blood flow through the heart during relaxation and contraction

cardiac cycle

which of the following occurs when semilunar valves of great vessels closes at the beginning of the ventricular diastole?

second heart sound

intrinsic conducting system of the heart