U.S. district courts exist...

to handle trial-level federal cases

The practice under which judges grant nonmonetary releases if the accused (i.e., person who has been arrested but not yet found guilty) is employed and has roots in the community is called a...

release on recognizance

Which of the following is NOT a factor in how the judge determines the amount of the bail?

admissibility of evidence gathered by the police

Which of the following best describes the discretion given to a prosecutor?

broad discretion

Which of the following is NOT true concerning the role of a prosecutor?

a prosecutor has limited influence in the early stages of the criminal justice process

During a trial, who carries the burden of proving legal guilt?

prosecutor

Which of the following is true about public defenders?

they often face a heavy caseload (i.e., many clients)

Which of the following is true concerning plea bargaining?

it can begin any time after a defendant has an attorney

A bench trial is presided over by...

a judge and no jury

Discovery is-

prosecution disclosing all their evidence to the defense

The Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution protects against-

excessive bail

Which of the following is a valid observation about the orientation and assumptions of lower courts in their attempt to process a large mass of cases?

the vast majority of defendants will plead "guilty"

Which of the following is TRUE regarding presentence investigation reports?

they ease the strain of decision making for a judge

It has been found that sentencing judges treat females offenders...

less severely than males in a majority of cases (chivalry hypothesis)

The punishment approach that assumed the social, intellectual, or biological deficiencies of criminals to be the cause of their crimes is referred to as the...

rehabilitation model

Which Western nation has the most prisoners serving long-term sentences?

United States

Which of the following is not a responsibility of a trial judge?

counseling defendants

Which of the following courts are likely to have the least serious cases heard?

trial courts of limited jurisdiction

How many justices sit on the United States Supreme Court?

9

In Illinois, county level judges are selected in what type of election?

Partisan

An attorney questioning potential juror members for final jury selection is called

voir dire

Which of the following uses of removing jurors is unlimited to both the prosecutor and the defense?

challenge for cause

The change of venue is considered during which phase of the criminal justice process?

pretrial motions

Within the criminal justice system, most convicted offenders are in

community corrections

What type of jury is subjected to voir dire?

Trial Jury

Which of the following is TRUE concerning prison rates in Europe compared to the United States?

U. S. has a higher incarceration rate

Probation officers play a role in sentencing by...

preparing the presentence report for the judge

After a suspect is arrested, he/she cannot be deprived of freedom until guilt is proven.

False

Most felony cases are disposed of by dismissals.

False

Prosecutors have great influence at virtually every stage of the criminal justice process.

True

Prosecutors are careful not to make mistakes because they face severe punishment from the state if they convict innocent people.

False

During the discovery process, it is legal for a prosecutor to hide from a defense attorney any evidence which tends to show that the defendant is actually innocent.

False

German prosecutors act against and in favor of suspects in criminal cases.

True

Because trials are so infrequent, defense attorneys' working lives tend to be quite different than the lives of attorneys as portrayed on television.

True

In most cases involving plea bargains and dismissals, defense attorneys are more like a cooperating partner and less like an all-out adversary to a prosecutor.

True

The majority of convicted offenders serving time in state prisons were indigent defendants who received publicly provided defense attorneys.

True

Public defenders often have trouble gaining the trust and cooperation of their clients.

True

Although they cooperate in many cases, public defenders are sufficiently independent of prosecutors and judges to make choices about whether to seek a trial or to negotiate a plea.

True

Most defendants initially enter a plea of not guilty.

True

Most defendants accused of a felony will be found guilty in criminal court.

False

Defendants have the option to choose a bench trial, a judge without a jury.

True

The substantial majority of cases go to trial.

False

An example of retribution is the saying, "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth."

True

Indeterminate sentences may encourage convicted offenders to focus upon rehabilitation.

True

A determinate sentence means that the defendant determines his own punishment with the assistance of a counselor.

False

All fifty states impose death as a sentence.

False

The prison population contains the same proportion of African-Americans as the general population (i.e., about 12% of the prison population is African-American).

False

Sentencing guidelines (offered through determinate sentencing models) provide additional discretion for judges in the sentencing process.

False

Judges do not have discretion in indeterminate sentencing structures.

False