front 1 U.S. district courts exist... | back 1 to handle trial-level federal cases |
front 2 The practice under which judges grant nonmonetary releases if the accused (i.e., person who has been arrested but not yet found guilty) is employed and has roots in the community is called a... | back 2 release on recognizance |
front 3 Which of the following is NOT a factor in how the judge determines the amount of the bail? | back 3 admissibility of evidence gathered by the police |
front 4 Which of the following best describes the discretion given to a prosecutor? | back 4 broad discretion |
front 5 Which of the following is NOT true concerning the role of a prosecutor? | back 5 a prosecutor has limited influence in the early stages of the criminal justice process |
front 6 During a trial, who carries the burden of proving legal guilt? | back 6 prosecutor |
front 7 Which of the following is true about public defenders? | back 7 they often face a heavy caseload (i.e., many clients) |
front 8 Which of the following is true concerning plea bargaining? | back 8 it can begin any time after a defendant has an attorney |
front 9 A bench trial is presided over by... | back 9 a judge and no jury |
front 10 Discovery is- | back 10 prosecution disclosing all their evidence to the defense |
front 11 The Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution protects against- | back 11 excessive bail |
front 12 Which of the following is a valid observation about the orientation and assumptions of lower courts in their attempt to process a large mass of cases? | back 12 the vast majority of defendants will plead "guilty" |
front 13 Which of the following is TRUE regarding presentence investigation reports? | back 13 they ease the strain of decision making for a judge |
front 14 It has been found that sentencing judges treat females offenders... | back 14 less severely than males in a majority of cases (chivalry hypothesis) |
front 15 The punishment approach that assumed the social, intellectual, or biological deficiencies of criminals to be the cause of their crimes is referred to as the... | back 15 rehabilitation model |
front 16 Which Western nation has the most prisoners serving long-term sentences? | back 16 United States |
front 17 Which of the following is not a responsibility of a trial judge? | back 17 counseling defendants |
front 18 Which of the following courts are likely to have the least serious cases heard? | back 18 trial courts of limited jurisdiction |
front 19 How many justices sit on the United States Supreme Court? | back 19 9 |
front 20 In Illinois, county level judges are selected in what type of election? | back 20 Partisan |
front 21 An attorney questioning potential juror members for final jury selection is called | back 21 voir dire |
front 22 Which of the following uses of removing jurors is unlimited to both the prosecutor and the defense? | back 22 challenge for cause |
front 23 The change of venue is considered during which phase of the criminal justice process? | back 23 pretrial motions |
front 24 Within the criminal justice system, most convicted offenders are in | back 24 community corrections |
front 25 What type of jury is subjected to voir dire? | back 25 Trial Jury |
front 26 Which of the following is TRUE concerning prison rates in Europe compared to the United States? | back 26 U. S. has a higher incarceration rate |
front 27 Probation officers play a role in sentencing by... | back 27 preparing the presentence report for the judge |
front 28 After a suspect is arrested, he/she cannot be deprived of freedom until guilt is proven. | back 28 False |
front 29 Most felony cases are disposed of by dismissals. | back 29 False |
front 30 Prosecutors have great influence at virtually every stage of the criminal justice process. | back 30 True |
front 31 Prosecutors are careful not to make mistakes because they face severe punishment from the state if they convict innocent people. | back 31 False |
front 32 During the discovery process, it is legal for a prosecutor to hide from a defense attorney any evidence which tends to show that the defendant is actually innocent. | back 32 False |
front 33 German prosecutors act against and in favor of suspects in criminal cases. | back 33 True |
front 34 Because trials are so infrequent, defense attorneys' working lives tend to be quite different than the lives of attorneys as portrayed on television. | back 34 True |
front 35 In most cases involving plea bargains and dismissals, defense attorneys are more like a cooperating partner and less like an all-out adversary to a prosecutor. | back 35 True |
front 36 The majority of convicted offenders serving time in state prisons were indigent defendants who received publicly provided defense attorneys. | back 36 True |
front 37 Public defenders often have trouble gaining the trust and cooperation of their clients. | back 37 True |
front 38 Although they cooperate in many cases, public defenders are sufficiently independent of prosecutors and judges to make choices about whether to seek a trial or to negotiate a plea. | back 38 True |
front 39 Most defendants initially enter a plea of not guilty. | back 39 True |
front 40 Most defendants accused of a felony will be found guilty in criminal court. | back 40 False |
front 41 Defendants have the option to choose a bench trial, a judge without a jury. | back 41 True |
front 42 The substantial majority of cases go to trial. | back 42 False |
front 43 An example of retribution is the saying, "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth." | back 43 True |
front 44 Indeterminate sentences may encourage convicted offenders to focus upon rehabilitation. | back 44 True |
front 45 A determinate sentence means that the defendant determines his own punishment with the assistance of a counselor. | back 45 False |
front 46 All fifty states impose death as a sentence. | back 46 False |
front 47 The prison population contains the same proportion of African-Americans as the general population (i.e., about 12% of the prison population is African-American). | back 47 False |
front 48 Sentencing guidelines (offered through determinate sentencing models) provide additional discretion for judges in the sentencing process. | back 48 False |
front 49 Judges do not have discretion in indeterminate sentencing structures. | back 49 False |