What is anatomy

study of the structure of the body

what is physiology

study of the function of the body

what is microscopic anatomy

structures too small to be seen with the naked eye

what is gross anatomy

study of large body surfaces visible to the naked eye

what is histology

the study of tissues

what is cytology

the study of cells

what is surface anatomy

obtaining information about the inside of the body from the outside

what is neuroanatomy

study of the nervous system

what is developmental anatomy

structural changes that occur in the body throughout the lifespan

what is embryology

structural changes that occur before birth

list the levels of structural organization

chemical, organelles, cellular, tissues, organ system and organismal

List the characteristics of life

breathe, movement, growth, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion

What is homeostasis

the ability to maintain a constant internal environment in the presence of a constantly changing external environment

Homeostasis is achieved by

positive and negative feedback

Name the three feedback mechanisms

receptor, control center and effector

What happens during negative feedback

the output of the system shuts off the original stimulus or reduces it's intensity

what happens during positive feedback

the level of the variable will change in the same direction as an initial change

Is this a negative of positive feedback example?
Body produces more insulin in response to a rise is blood sugar

negative feedback

Is this a negative of positive feedback example?
a blood vessel is damaged, platelets begin to cling to the injured area and release chemicals to attract more platelets

positive feedback

What two body systems control all other body systems

nervous and endocrine

describe anatomical position

standing erect, facing observer, arms to the side and close to the body, palms facing forward and feet together

superior (cranial)

up

inferior (caudal)

down

ventral (anterior)

front

dorsal (posterior)

back

medial

towards the midline

lateral

away from the midline

intermediate

in between

proximal

toward the center of the body

distal

away from the center of the body

superficial

external (on the surface)

deep

internal

name the regional term for the following body areas:
frontal, orbital, nasal, oral, mental

cephalic

name the regional term for the following body areas:
sternal, axillary, mammary

thoracic

what regional term is used for the neck

cervical

name the regional term for the following body areas
umbilical

abdominal

name the regional term for the following body areas
inguinal (groin)

pelvic

name the regional term for the following body areas
genital

pubic

name the regional term for the following body areas
acromial, brachial, antecubital, olecranal, antebrachial, carpal

upper limb

name the regional term for the following body areas
pollex, metacarpal, palmar, digital

manus

name the regional term for the following body areas
coxal, femoral, patellar, popliteal, crural, sural, fibular or peroneal

lower limb

name the regional term for the following body areas
tarsal, calcaneal, metatarsal, digital, plantar, hallux

pedal

name the regional term for the following body areas:
otic, occipital

cephalic

name the regional term for the following body areas
scapular, vertebral, lumbar, sacral, gluteal, perineal

back (dorsal)

what plane divides the body into left and right parts

sagittal

what plane divides the body into left and right parts exactly on the midline

midsagittal

what plane divides the body into left and right parts unequally

parasagittal

what plane divides the body into anterior and posterior planes

frontal (coronal plane)

what plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts

transverse (cross section)

what plane divides the body diagonally

oblique

name the two types of body cavities

dorsal and ventral

what are the two subdivision of the dorsal cavity

cranial and vertebral

what does the cranial cavity contain

skull and brain

what does the vertebral cavity contain

spinal cord

what are the two subdivisions of the ventral cavity

thoracic and abdominopelvic

name the subdivision of the thoracic cavity

left pleural, right pleural and pericardial

name the subdivisions of the abdominopelvic cavity

abdominal and pelvic

what are the ventral body cavities are lined by

serous membranes

serous membranes can be found where

around the lungs (pleural), around the heart (pericardium) and abdominal(peritoneum)

name the two layers of the serous membranes

visceral (inner) and parietal (outer)

What region is the centermost region deep to and surrounding the umbilicus

umbilical region

what region is located superior to the umbilical region

epigastric region

what region is located inferior to the umbilical region

hypogastric region

what region is located lateral to the hypogastric region

right and left iliac or inguinal region

what region lies lateral to the umbilical region

right and left lumbar region

what region lies lateral to the epigastric region and deep to the ribs

right and left hypochondriac regions