Most of our discussion in Module 5 has been about the _______ part of the ANS. The sensory part of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is spread widely within our bodies without holding distinctive anatomical characteristics while the __________ part of the ANS has two distinctive divisions.

Correct answer:

motor

sensory

enteric

afferent

Motor

_______________ is a state of equilibrium, or balance, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels.

rest and digest

sympathetic

parasympathetic

homeostasis

homeostasis

During a fight-or- flight response, which of the following DO NOT occur?

breathing rate decreases

glucose is released

Answer,

pupils dilate

stomach activity is stimulated

sweating

breathing rate decreases

stomach activity is stimulated

In the parasympathetic nervous system, which fibers are longer?

preganglionic

postganglionic

preganglionic

Choose the description that best matches the picture:

A central neuron does not synapse in a chain ganglion, but instead within a prevertebral ganglion.

A central neuron synapses with a ganglion at the same level within the chain ganglia.

A central neuron synapses within a more superior ganglion in the chain.

A central neuron synapses within a more inferior ganglion in the chain.

A central neuron synapses within a more superior ganglion in the chain.

A central neuron synapses within a more superior ganglion in the chain

The parasympathetic ganglia are close to or within the organs they innervate, while the sympathetic ganglia are close to the spinal cord

True

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) can be defined as

part of the CNS

a system responsible for “rest and digest” responses

another name for the peripheral nervous system

generally considered to be within our voluntary control

a system responsible for “rest and digest” responses

Which division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is involved in preparing the body for stress-related activities?

the parasympathetic division

the sympathetic division

the enteric division

the autonomic division

the sympathetic division

The __________ part of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) has two distinctive divisions, while the __________ part of the ANS is is spread widely within our bodies without holding distinctive anatomical characteristics.

parasympathetic, sympathetic

sympathetic, parasympathetic

motor, sensory

sensory, motor

motor, sensory

During a fight or flight response, all of the following occur except

more oxygen needs to be inhaled and delivered to skeletal muscle

the digestive system activates

the respiratory system is activated

sweating keeps the contracting muscles from overheating

the digestive system activates

Once a threat (real or perceived) has been resolved, what system takes over and returns bodily functions to a relaxed state?

sympathetic

enteric

peripheral

parasympathetic

parasympathetic

The three collateral ganglia that receive inputs from splanchnic nerves as well as central sympathetic neurons and are associated with controlling organs in the abdominal cavity are the (choose all that apply)

celiac ganglion

collateral ganglia

left chain ganglia

superior mesenteric ganglion

inferior mesenteric ganglion

celiac ganglion

superior mesenteric ganglion

inferior mesenteric ganglion

An axon from the central neuron that projects to a sympathetic ganglion and represents output from the CNS to the ganglion is referred to as a

sympathetic fiber

preganglionic fiber

postganglionic fiber

collateral fiber

preganglionic fiber

The axon from a ganglionic neuron that projects to the target effector is called a

sympathetic fiber

preganglionic fiber

postganglionic fiber

collateral fiber

postganglionic fiber

The axon from a central sympathetic neuron in the spinal cord can project to the periphery in several ways. Match the following diagrams with their corresponding descriptions:

A

B

C

A. The fiber can project out to the ganglion at the same level and synapse on a ganglionic neuron

B. A branch can project to more a superior or inferior ganglion in the chain

C. A branch can project through the white ramus communicans, but not terminate on a ganglionic neuron in the chain. Instead, it projects through one of the splanchnic nerves to a collateral ganglion or the adrenal medulla

Given the diagram below, which of the following organs/effectors are innervated by an axon from the central neuron synapsing with the ganglionic neuron (with the postganglionic fiber shown as a dashed line), which then projects to a target effector?

the sublingual gland

the heart

the stomach

the kidney

The heart

Given the diagram below, which of the following organs/effectors are innervated when the spinal nerve tracks up through the chain until it reaches the superior cervical ganglion, where it synapses with the postganglionic neuron.

the sublingual gland

the heart

the stomach

the kidney

Sublingual gland

Given the diagram below, which of the following organs/effectors are innervated when additional branches from the ventral nerve root continue through the chain and on to one of the collateral ganglia?

the sublingual gland

the stomach

the heart

the larynx

The stomach

Sympathetic ganglia are close to the spinal cord while parasympathetic ganglia are close to

celiac ganglion

the skin

the spinal cord

their effectors

their effectors

Because the preganglionic neurons are located in nuclei of the brain stem and the lateral horn of the sacral spinal cord, the _________________ system can also be referred to as the craniosacral system (or outflow).

sympathetic

parasympathetic

autonomic

peripheral

parasympathetic

The adrenal gland (in Latin, ad- = “on top of”; renal = “kidney”) secretes adrenaline. Adrenaline and ____________ are two names for the same molecule.

adrenalide

endogenous

acetylcholine

epinephrine

epinephrine

Synapses of the autonomic system are classified as either cholinergic, meaning that acetylcholine (ACh) is released, or adrenergic, meaning that ______________ is released.

adrenaline

endogenous

norepinephrine

epinephrine

norepinephrine

Neurotransmitters are released at synapses, whereas _____________ is (are) released into the bloodstream.

hormones

adrenaline

norepinephrine

epinephrine

hormones

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is distributed throughout the CNS and PNS to various extents and influences our sensory and motor functions.

True

False

True

A medication blocks norepinephrine release from sympathetic neurons. Which effect would MOST likely occur?

Increased heart rate

Reduced fight-or-flight responses

Increased sweating due to stress

D. Larger pupils

Reduced fight-or-flight responses

During a routine neurological examination, a patient has normal voluntary movement but poor regulation of heart rate and blood pressure. Which system is MOST likely affected?

Somatic nervous system

Autonomic nervous system

Primary motor cortex

Cerebellum

Autonomic nervous system