diabetic retinopathy

damage to the blood vessels in the itssue at the back of the eye

glaucoma

the nerve connecting the eye to the brain is damaged

amblyopia

when nerve pathways between the brain and eye aren't properly stimulated

strabismus

nerve injury or dysfunction of the muscles controlling the eye

the biggest artery in the body:

aorta

mild hearing loss

some speech sounds but soft sounds are hard to hear

moderate hearing loss

almost no speech when another is talking

severe hearing loss

hear no speech at all and some loud sounds

profound hearing loss

no speech and only very loud sounds

four major blood cells:

plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

red blood cells

made in bone marrow and found in the blood

white blood cells

part of the body's immune system

platelets

prevent and stop bleeding

plasma

the liquid component of blood

Venous Thromboembolism

blood clot deep in a vein

hemphilia

blood does not clot properly

sickle cell

red blood cells become hard and sticky

upper chambers of the heart:

left atrium and right atrium

lower chambers of the heart:

left ventricle and right ventricle

pericardium

thin, outer lining that protects your heart

myocardium

thick, muscular middle layer that contracts to pump blood

endocardium

thin, inner layer that makes up the lining of the four chambers

SA node

where the electrical system of the heart begins; the heart's pacemaker

AV node

an area of cells at the bottom of the right atrium that the electrical pulse travels to

arteries

carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the bodt

veins

carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart

capillaries

connect the smallest arteries to the smallest veins

what does ADME stand for?

absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

absorption:

the movement of a drug in its site of administration to the bloodstream

distribution:

moving from the absorption site to tissues around the body

metabolism

how fast nutrients is processed through the body

excretion

the excretion of the drug through the kidneys and into the bile

dorsal cavity

the cranial cavity and spinal cavity

ventral cavity

thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, and pelvic cavity

sagittal plane

divides the body into left and right

coronal cavity

divides the body into front and back

transverse plane

divides the body into head and tail portions

natural immunity

caused by exposure to the agent

artificial

obtained through vaccines

inherited immunity

develops before birth

lympth nodes

bean-shaped tissue that filters fluid in the body

active natural immunity

body produces antibodies in response to exposure to a pathogen

active artificial immunity

antibodies in response to a vaccine

passive natural immunity

antibodies are past from mother to baby

5 main functions of the respiratory system

gas exchange, acid-base balance, phonation, pumonary defense, and metabolism

pharynx

tube that delivers air from your mouth and nose to the trachea

trachea

tubes at the bottom of the windpipe that connect into each lung

alveoli

tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place

bronchioles

small branches of the bronchial tubes that lead to the alveoli

pleura

thin sacs that surround each lung lobe

epiglottis

tissue flap at the entrance of the trachea that closes when your swallow

larynx

hollow organ that allows you to talk

the order that food passes throught the digestive system in

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon (large intestine), rectum

function of the small intestine

absorbs nutrients and water

function of the large intestine

finalizes the digestive process by absorbing remaining water and turns liquid waste into solid stool

function of the kidneys

filter blood and create urine as a waste by-product

ureters

carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder

urethra

opening of the bladder

ovum cycle

the egg inside the follicle detaches itself and surrounds the fallopian tube; it bursts and ejects the egg and fluid into the abodminal cavity

how many eggs does a women have in her reproductive life?

400

embryo growth

24 hours after fertilization, the egg multiplies and develops into a fetus

how many weeks make up a trimester of pregnancy?

40 weeks

what is the most common breast tumor?

invasive ductal carcinoma

endometriosis

when the cells similar to the lining of the uterus grow outside of the uterus

PMS (premenstrual system):

sharp mood swings, irritability, hopelessness, and anxiety

epididymitis

inflammation of the coiled tube called the epididymis at the back of the testicle

infancy:

birth to one year

early childhood:

one to six years

late childhood:

7 to 12 years

adolesence:

12 to 18 years

early adulthood:

19 to 40 yrs

middle adulthood:

40 to 65 yrs

late adulthood:

65 till death

stages of grief:

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance, and hope

sensorimotor:

0 to 2; sensory curiosity

preopperational:

2 to 7; symbolic thinking and full thoughts

concrete opperational:

7 to 11; concepts of situations, time, and space

formal opperations:

11+; strategy is applied; hypothetical thinking

infancy:

trust vs. mistrust; 12 to 18 months; feeding

early childhood:

autonomy vs. shame; 18 months to 3 years; toilet training

play age:

initiative vs. guild; 3 to 6 yrs; school

adolesence:

identity vs. role confusion; 6 to 12 yrs; peer relationships

young adult:

intimacy vs. isolation; young adult; love relationships

adulthood:

generativity vs. stagnation; middle adulthood; parenting

late adulthood:

ego integrity vs. despair; late adulthood; reflection and acceptance

maslow's first stage of hierarchy:

physiological; food, water, and sleep

maslow's second stage of hierarchy:

safety needs; security, safety, financial, health

maslow's third stage of hierarchy:

belonging and love needs; intimacy, relationship, and friends

maslow's fourth stage of hierarchy:

esteem needs; prestige, respect, and status

maslow's last stage of hierarchy:

self-actualization; full potential in life