When do you use SER, when do you use ESTAR

Ser is

• identity
• origin
• characteristics
• profession
• time/date

Estar is

• location
• emotions
• temporary conditions
• ongoing actions

What are the preterite AR/ER/IR conjugations

Hablar

| hablé | hablaste | habló | hablamos | hablaron |

Comer

| comí | comiste | comió | comimos | comieron |

Vivir

| viví | viviste | vivió | vivimos | vivieron |

When do you use the imperfect tense?

Use for:

• repeated past actions
• descriptions
• background information
• age/time/weather

What are the imperfect tense conjugations?

Hablar

| hablaba | hablabas | hablaba | hablábamos | hablaban |

Comer

| comía | comías | comía | comíamos | comían |

Vivir

| vivía | vivías | vivía | vivíamos | vivían |

When do you use the present subjunctive?

Use for:

• wishes
• doubt
• emotion
• recommendations
• uncertainty

(WEIRDO)

What are the present subjunctive conjugations?

Regular Conjugation Charts Hablar

| hable | hables | hable | hablemos | hablen |

Comer

| coma | comas | coma | comamos | coman |

Vivir

| viva | vivas | viva | vivamos | vivan |

What are the future tense conjugations?

Endings

| é | ás | á | emos | án |

When do you use the conditional tense?

Use for:

• hypothetical situations
• “would” statements
• polite requests

What are the conditional tense conjugations?

| ía | ías | ía | íamos | ían |

When do you use the present perfect tense?

Use for:

• actions completed recently
• actions connected to the present

Equivalent to “have/has done.”

What are the present perfect tense conjugations?

Formula

haber+participiopasadohaber

Haber Conjugation

| he | has | ha | hemos | han |

Past Participles Verb Type Ending-AR ado-ER/-IR ido

When do you use the Pluperfect (Pluscuamperfecto)?

Use for actions that happened BEFORE another past action.

Equivalent to “had done.”

What are the Pluperfect conjugations?

Formula

haber (imperfecto)+participiohaber\,(imperfecto) + participiohaber(imperfecto)+participio

Haber in Imperfect

| había | habías | había | habíamos | habían |

Example Sentences

• Ya había comido.
• Habíamos salido.

When do you use the present perfect subjunctive?

Use for:

• doubtful past actions
• emotional reactions to past events

What are the present perfect subjunctive conjugations?

Formula

haya+participiohaya + participiohaya+participio

Haber Subjunctive

| haya | hayas | haya | hayamos | hayan |

Example Sentences

• Espero que hayas estudiado.
• Dudo que hayan llegado.

What is the imperfect subjunctive used for?

Use when:

• the main clause is in the past
• subjunctive is still required

What is the imperfect subjunctive conjugation?

Endings

| ra | ras | ra | ramos | ran |