Where can botulism be found?

opened cans / tomato products, main component of Botox (anti-wrinkle procedure)

botulism

prophage makes toxins that paralyzes muscles, lysogenic cycle

herpesvirus effects

cold sores, genital herpes (STD), chicken pox

herpesvirus

lysogenic: latent / dormant in nucleus of cell until stress = viral DNA hijacks, release = cold sores

phage lambda

both lytic and lysogenic cycles, DNA inserted via genetic recombination into the bacterial chromosome

influenza (flu)

made of RNA material

influenza effects

colds, poliovirus

plant viruses

RNA, rod shaped with spiral proteins around nucleic acid

plant virus effects

stunt plant growth and diminish crop yields, tobacco mosaic virus

How do plant viruses get into the plant?

wind, chilling, injury, insect damage allow to pass through plant's epidermis; spreads through plasmodesmata

What is the cure for plant viruses?

there is none; instead, reduce infected and breed resistant ones

ebola

RNA, endemic to central Africa

ebola effects

fatal hemorrhagic fever, vomit, bleed, circulatory system collapse

acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS and HIV)

RNA retrovirus with membranous envelope and glycoprotein spikes

RNA viruses

COVID, HIV, cold, polio, hepatitis A C and E

DNA viruses

herpes, chickenpox (later shingles), small pox, hepatitis B

Hershey-Chase

proved DNA is genetic material of T2 virus in E.coli, attached radioactive isotopes to sulfur (CHONS of proteins) and phosphorus (CHONS of DNA), then separated interior and exterior of cell

George Beadle and Edward Tatum

function of genes dictates enzyme production with bread molds in Neurospora grassa, one defective gene led to no enzyme led to lack growth ability